영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many people feel a sudden wave of anxiety when their smartphone battery is nearly dead or they have ①left it at home. This intense discomfort, known as nomophobia, is short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," a term ②describing the fear of losing connection to one's phone. Researchers explain that this fear develops because smartphones have become tightly linked to social belonging; missing a notification can feel like ③be cut off from friends. For example, some students check their phones dozens of times an hour, even during class, just to confirm nothing important ④has been missed. Recognizing nomophobia as a real psychological pattern ⑤is the first step toward a healthier relationship with technology.

Climate scientists frequently warn about tipping points, thresholds beyond which a small additional change triggers a large, often irreversible shift in the climate system. Unlike ①gradual warming, which unfolds steadily over decades, crossing a tipping point can produce ②dramatic consequences within a short period. For instance, as Arctic ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight than reflective ice, accelerating further melting in a self-⑤reinforcing cycle. Similarly, scientists worry that a major ocean current, which currently redistributes heat across the planet, could slow dramatically if enough freshwater from melting glaciers dilutes the surrounding seawater. Once such thresholds are crossed, restoring the original balance may become nearly ③possible, even if emissions are later reduced. Therefore, researchers argue that preventing these transitions matters more than merely slowing average temperature increases. Identifying how close each system stands to its threshold remains one of the most ④urgent challenges in climate research.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards arrive ①predictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone is checked, regardless of whether the result is ②disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds ③compulsively, hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies ④deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than stumbling upon them by accident. Such practices raise serious ethical questions about ⑤manipulating users' brains for profit.

When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment ①praising a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, ②unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ③Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint. Although she ④deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, because screenshots and memories often ⑤outlast the content itself.

Yuna felt ①shocked because she realized her small daily habit was part of a ②larger problem. At first, carrying the tumbler felt ③inconvenient, and she often forgot to bring it to school. Within a month, using the tumbler had become as ④natural as brushing her teeth. Her friends ⑤ignored the change and asked where she had bought the tumbler.

At first, Minjun thought the campaign sounded ①boring and unnecessary for someone like him. However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a ②huge amount of waste. This comparison ③surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always ④full, and he felt ⑤proud of the change.

The twenty-hour rule has become popular among adults who want to pick up new hobbies despite busy schedules. (A) She practiced basic shading and proportion for about ninety minutes each day, carefully tracking her total hours. (B) A woman who always wanted to sketch, for example, decided to test the rule during a two-week vacation. (C) By the time she reached twenty hours, she could produce simple portraits that she was proud to share with friends.

주어진 문장: In other words, those who did the least to cause the problem often end up paying the highest price for it. When people discuss climate change, they often focus only on rising temperatures or melting ice, treating it as a purely scientific issue. ( ① ) However, the concept of climate justice reminds us that the causes and consequences of climate change are distributed unevenly across the globe. ( ② ) Wealthy, industrialized nations have historically released the largest share of greenhouse gases while building their economies, yet developing nations, which contributed comparatively little, frequently suffer the most severe droughts and floods. ( ③ ) This gap between responsibility and suffering raises a serious ethical question that science alone cannot answer. ( ④ ) For example, a farming community in a low-income country may lose its entire harvest to an unusual flood, even though its members have never owned a car or flown on a plane. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, tackling climate change requires more than new technology; it demands fair policies supporting the very communities least responsible for causing the crisis.

주어진 문장: For this reason, small differences in color or style can quickly become noticeable across the whole wall. Every spring, the art club at Sejong High School creates one large mural together instead of individual paintings. ( ① ) The process begins with a session where members suggest themes and vote on their favorite idea. ( ② ) Once a theme is chosen, the club divides into small teams, each responsible for one section of the wall. One team sketches the outline while another mixes colors to match the design. ( ③ ) Communication becomes essential at this stage, since each section must connect smoothly with the ones beside it. If one team paints too dark a shade, the whole picture can look unbalanced. ( ④ ) Therefore, members regularly step back to compare their section with the rest of the mural. ( ⑤ ) After several weekends, the teams combine their sections into a single image. The finished mural is displayed near the entrance, reminding everyone what cooperation can achieve.

주어진 문장: This is why many people find it especially difficult to maintain healthy eating habits after a long, stressful day at work. Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually tires after repeated use. ( ① ) According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. ( ② ) As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. ( ③ ) For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. ( ④ ) Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. ( ⑤ ) Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.