영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Yesterday, I ①visited my school's career counselor because I felt confused about my future. I told her that I enjoyed both science and art, but I could not decide which subject ②to pursue. She listened carefully and then asked me a simple question: what activities ③make me lose track of time? She suggested that I try ④combining my two interests by exploring careers such as scientific illustration or product design. Before I left, she reminded me that career paths rarely follow a straight line, so it was fine ⑤explore multiple directions.

Attention, students! Our school festival is going green this year, and we truly need your help. This event aims to ①reduce the disposable waste that usually piles up during the celebration. First, please bring your own cup, plate, and utensils to every food booth you visit. Second, each booth should use ②reusable decorations rather than paper banners that get thrown away within hours. Students who join as Green Helpers will manage the recycling stations, sorting cans, bottles, and paper ③carefully all day long. Therefore, everyone's small cooperation will directly ④increase the amount of trash sent to the landfill. However, single-use plastic bags are ⑤strictly prohibited at every booth this year.

Child safety experts now argue that this advice is too ①complex to be useful, since most children will inevitably need to interact with unfamiliar adults, whether asking a store employee for help or greeting a new neighbor. A more effective approach focuses on ②specific situations rather than people in general, teaching children to recognize behavior that feels wrong. Role-playing these scenarios in advance helps children ③respond quickly under pressure, rather than freezing because the situation feels unfamiliar and confusing. Experts also emphasize that children should be taught they will never get in trouble for refusing an adult's request or for ④loudly saying no in public, since hesitation caused by politeness can cost ⑤precious seconds in a genuine emergency.

Over the past two decades, insights drawn from behavioral economics have moved beyond academic journals and into the machinery of government itself, reshaping how numerous public programs are designed and implemented. Tax authorities in several countries, for example, discovered that simply informing citizens how many of their neighbors had already paid overdue taxes on time substantially ①increased subsequent compliance rates, outperforming letters that merely threatened legal penalties for continued nonpayment. Public health agencies have applied similar principles to encourage preventive care, finding that appointment reminders phrased to emphasize the personal cost of a missed visit proved more ②ineffective than neutral reminders listing only the date and time. Employment offices redesigned job-seeking assistance programs around specific, actionable steps rather than general encouragement, discovering that participants who were asked to write down a concrete plan for the following week were considerably more likely to follow through than those who received only ③general advice. What unites these disparate interventions is a shared recognition that small, carefully tested adjustments to how choices are presented can produce measurable improvements in outcomes, often at a fraction of the cost required by traditional programs involving substantial financial incentives or extensive ④enforcement. This accumulated evidence has encouraged many governments to establish dedicated units tasked with applying behavioral insights ⑤systematically to policy problems across an increasingly broad range of domains.

Walking through the old industrial district downtown, I noticed that a gray concrete wall had been transformed overnight into a wild swirl of color, letters, and cartoon figures. Some residents complained to the city office, calling it vandalism and demanding that workers paint over it immediately. Others argued that the same wall had been an ugly, forgotten eyesore for years, and that the graffiti artist had simply given it a voice no one else bothered to give it. This disagreement reveals a tension at the heart of street art: _______________. The line between vandalism and art, it seems, often depends less on the paint itself than on who gave permission to use the wall.

When people evaluate their personal contribution to water scarcity, they often consider only the water that flows directly from household taps, overlooking a far larger quantity consumed indirectly through the goods they purchase. The water footprint, a concept that extends this narrow view, _______________. Central to this concept is the notion of virtual water, the water embedded invisibly within a product, from irrigating cotton fields to livestock raised for meat. For instance, producing a kilogram of beef can require several thousand liters of water, whereas a kilogram of vegetables typically demands a fraction of that amount. Nations that import water-intensive goods rather than producing them domestically are importing virtual water from regions that may face severe shortages. Critics caution, however, that focusing exclusively on aggregate volume can mislead policymakers, since a liter of water drawn from a region suffering drought carries far greater consequences than one drawn from a water-abundant area.

Why do people often overvalue objects they have partly built themselves, even when the finished product is objectively inferior to something they could have simply purchased? This puzzle, which researchers named after a furniture retailer famous for selling items that require home assembly, challenges the standard economic assumption that value is determined solely by an object's inherent qualities. In a series of experiments, participants who assembled a plain storage box were willing to pay nearly as much for their own imperfect creation as they were for a professionally built version, despite being fully aware of its flaws. Labor, it seems, functions as a kind of psychological investment: once effort has been poured into a task, _______________. This tendency helps explain why consumers often prefer products that demand some degree of personal assembly, even when a comparable finished item is available at a lower price and requires no time investment whatsoever.

When workers receive a five percent raise in a year when prices have climbed five percent as well, their real purchasing power has not changed at all, yet many still report feeling noticeably better off. (A) Employers exploit this pattern by favoring modest nominal raises over deeper structural adjustments, since a visible increase on a payslip satisfies employees more effectively than an explanation about inflation could. (B) The illusion persists even among people who claim to understand inflation well, which suggests that the bias operates at an intuitive level that formal knowledge does not easily override. (C) This tendency to judge economic well-being by nominal figures printed on a paycheck, rather than by what that money can actually purchase, is known among economists as money illusion.

Companies have discovered that ordinary advertisements no longer capture the attention of young consumers as effectively as they once did. (A) As a result, many brands now spend a large portion of their advertising budgets on influencer partnerships rather than television commercials. (B) This is because influencers build long-term relationships with their audiences, which makes recommendations feel personal rather than commercial. (C) However, brands must choose their partners carefully, since an influencer's reputation can directly affect how a product is perceived.

주어진 문장: Even small purchasing decisions, they argue, can accumulate into meaningful pressure on how companies operate. Value-based consumption refers to the practice of spending money on products or experiences that align with a person's personal beliefs, even if cheaper alternatives exist. ( ① ) Rather than simply seeking the lowest price, value-conscious consumers consider factors such as labor conditions, environmental impact, and community benefit before making a purchase. ( ② ) Some critics dismiss this approach as impractical, arguing that most people cannot afford to prioritize ethics over affordability in daily life. ( ③ ) However, supporters point out that value-based spending does not require constant sacrifice; it often means buying fewer, higher-quality items rather than accumulating cheap goods that wear out quickly. ( ④ ) This shift also encourages companies to improve their practices, since consumer demand increasingly rewards transparency and responsibility. ( ⑤ ) For example, a clothing brand that openly shares its supply chain information may attract loyal customers willing to pay slightly more.