영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

For my birthday, my older sister took me to a small pottery studio where visitors can ①shape their own bowl or cup on a spinning wheel. I expected the wheel to do most of the difficult work automatically, since it was already ②spin quickly by the time I sat down. My first attempt collapsed into a shapeless lump within seconds, because I had not realized how much steady, centered pressure the clay actually ③requires before it can be shaped at all. The instructor explained that beginners almost always press too hard on one side, which ④throws the entire piece off balance no matter how fast or slow the wheel spins. After nearly a dozen failed attempts, I finally produced a lopsided but recognizable cup, and the small imperfection along its rim somehow made me prouder of it than a perfectly smooth, machine-made mug ever ⑤could have.

문제 2

For most of last year, Junho ①refresh his social media feed constantly, terrified of missing a party, a trending meme, or gossip among his friends. This restless anxiety, ②often called FOMO, or the fear of missing out, left him exhausted and strangely unsatisfied even after hours of scrolling. One weekend, his phone battery died during a hiking trip, and, to his surprise, he actually ③enjoyed the quiet afternoon without notifications interrupting his thoughts. Curious about this unexpected calm, Junho began ④deleting social apps for a few hours each day, gradually extending the breaks as weeks passed. Instead of dreading what he might be missing, he started noticing small pleasures, such as finishing a book or ⑤having an uninterrupted conversation with his family.

문제 3

Change blindness refers to a striking limitation of human perception in which observers fail to notice substantial alterations to a visual scene, provided the change occurs ① during a brief disruption such as an eye movement or a momentary obstruction. In a now-famous demonstration, researchers showed ② participants two versions of a photograph in alternation, separated by a short blank screen, and asked them to identify what had changed. Even when an entire building disappeared or a person's clothing shifted color, many viewers stared at the picture without detecting ③ anything unusual. This phenomenon occurs because visual attention, rather than passively recording every detail like a camera, actively selects only a narrow subset of information for processing at any given moment. Whatever falls outside that narrow spotlight represents ④ only sparsely, if at all, leaving it vulnerable to being overwritten without notice. Consequently, change blindness demonstrates that our impression of a rich, complete visual world is, to a surprising extent, an illusion constructed ⑤ by the mind, not a faithful record of external reality.

문제 4

When people encounter ①solid scientific evidence about climate change, we might expect them to accept it without hesitation. However, many individuals still ②dismiss or downplay such evidence, and psychologists explain this pattern through a concept called motivated reasoning. Motivated reasoning refers to the tendency to process information in a way that protects one's existing beliefs, identity, or lifestyle rather than to pursue objective truth. For example, a person whose livelihood depends on the fossil fuel industry may ③unconsciously search for reasons to doubt climate data, even while claiming to value scientific accuracy. This happens because accepting uncomfortable facts can ④protect a person's sense of self or demand costly lifestyle changes. Therefore, simply presenting more data ⑤rarely persuades a committed skeptic. Instead, experts suggest connecting climate information to values the person already holds, such as family safety or economic stability, so that acceptance feels natural rather than threatening.

문제 5

Every July, our school library launches a summer reading challenge that invites students to read at least five books before classes begin again in September. Students who complete the challenge receive a ①small prize, but many say the real reward is something else entirely. Without daily homework and tests to worry about, summer gives students ②rare freedom to choose books purely because they sound interesting, not because a teacher assigned them. Librarians notice that students often pick more ③common genres during the challenge, including graphic novels, poetry, and nonfiction about hobbies they enjoy. This freedom seems to ④matter more than the prize itself, since students who only cared about winning tend to quit once the reading feels difficult, while curious readers keep going. Teachers who track student progress after summer report that challenge participants often return in September with noticeably ⑤stronger reading habits than classmates who read nothing over the break.

문제 6

For decades, memory researchers assumed that repetition alone determined how well information would be retained, an assumption that an influential theory proposed by Craik and Lockhart eventually overturned. According to their framework, what matters most is not how many times a person rehearses material but how deeply that material is processed during encoding. ①Shallow processing, which involves attending merely to superficial features such as the shape of letters or the sound of a word, produces memory traces that fade quickly and remain ②vulnerable to interference. Elaborative processing, by contrast, requires connecting new information to existing knowledge, generating meaningful associations, and analyzing semantic content, thereby producing traces that are considerably more ③fragile. Consequently, a student who merely repeats a definition aloud without considering its implications is less likely to retain it than one who relates the concept to a personal example. This distinction reshaped educational practice, encouraging teachers to design tasks that demand ④comprehension rather than ⑤mechanical repetition, since durable memory depends on the depth, not the frequency, of cognitive engagement.

문제 7

Few ideas in policy debate provoke as much philosophical unease as the notion that a government might deliberately steer citizens toward better choices while leaving every option technically available. (A) Defenders insist that freedom is preserved as long as no option is banned and no penalty is attached, arguing that a citizen who is merely steered, rather than coerced, remains free to choose otherwise. (B) Critics counter that this defense rests on an impoverished notion of liberty, one that ignores how engineered defaults and calculated framing can shape decisions just as powerfully as an outright prohibition would. (C) The dispute ultimately turns on what freedom actually requires: the mere absence of coercion, or a decision-making process that remains transparent and undistorted.

문제 8

The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. (A) However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably faster than the others. The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food, since plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. (B) To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average, keeping a shared notebook of conditions. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair. (C) Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants.

문제 9

Because this feedback loop relies entirely on light rather than on the clock on the wall, melatonin release can shift dramatically when a person travels across time zones or works through the night. Melatonin is a hormone produced by a small gland deep within the brain, and its release follows a remarkably predictable daily pattern. ( ① ) Levels stay low throughout the bright hours of the day, begin rising in the evening as darkness falls, peak in the middle of the night, and then decline again as morning approaches. ( ② ) This rhythm is controlled primarily by light: specialized cells in the eye detect brightness and send signals that either permit or suppress melatonin production, which is why exposure to bright screens late at night can delay its release and make falling asleep more difficult. ( ③ ) Unlike some hormones that directly cause the body to perform a task, melatonin does not force sleep to occur; instead, it signals to the rest of the body that night has arrived, preparing various systems to shift into a lower-energy state. ( ④ ) Because of this signaling role, taking melatonin supplements at the wrong time can shift a person's internal clock in the opposite direction from what was intended. ( ⑤ )

문제 10

This slow but steady growth is exactly what turns a single visit into a lifelong value. Our school's volunteer club, Helping Hands, tries to make small acts of kindness feel natural. ( ① ) Each month, students visit a nearby nursing home and spend an afternoon talking with elderly residents. ( ② ) For example, they read newspapers aloud or just listen to old stories from the residents. In addition, members collect used books and toys from classmates and donate them to a community center downtown. ( ③ ) Some students feel nervous before their first visit, unsure of what to say to strangers. However, most discover that a warm smile works better than perfect words. ( ④ ) Therefore, the club's real goal is not just finishing hours for a report card. Instead, it teaches members that caring for others grows into a lasting habit, like watering a plant daily. ( ⑤ ) By the end of the year, many students say the club changed how they see their community.