영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Behavioral economists use the term temporal discounting to describe how people ①undervaluing future rewards simply because those rewards are not immediate. This tendency explains why a student might choose to watch videos tonight rather than study for an exam that remains several weeks away, even though studying ②offers a far greater long-term benefit. A distant reward, no matter how valuable, feels psychologically smaller than a small reward ③available right now. This bias contributes to procrastination, since future consequences rarely feel urgent enough ④to motivate immediate action. To counter this tendency, students should convert distant goals into smaller, near-term milestones that feel more emotionally real. Setting weekly checkpoints rather than a final deadline can make future benefits feel closer and more concrete. Teachers and parents should provide immediate, meaningful feedback, since prompt recognition helps bridge the gap between present effort and delayed reward, ultimately ⑤reducing the urge to postpone tasks.

Structural functionalism approaches society as a complex system of interdependent parts, each ①contributing to the overall stability and smooth operation of the whole, much as organs contribute to the survival of a biological body. Sociologist Talcott Parsons argued that institutions such as the family, education, religion, and government each ②performs necessary functions, socializing new members and transmitting values, so that removing or weakening any one institution ③threatens the equilibrium of the entire system. Robert Merton refined this framework by distinguishing manifest functions, the intended and openly recognized consequences of a social practice, from latent functions, unintended consequences that nonetheless help sustain the system, such as schools ④serving not only to educate but also to provide childcare that allows parents to work. Critics have long charged that functionalism, by emphasizing stability and equilibrium, struggles ⑤to explain social conflict and rapid change.

Summer brings a wide variety of delicious fruits, but many of them ①spoil quickly in the heat. Fruits such as watermelon and melon should be kept in the refrigerator once they are cut, since exposure to warm air ②slows down spoiling. Berries are especially delicate and should not be washed until just before eating, because moisture ③encourages mold to grow. Bananas turn black quickly in cold air, so they are best kept on the counter. Wrapping cut fruit tightly in plastic wrap helps keep it ④fresh longer, giving you a few extra days to enjoy its natural ⑤sweetness.

Standard economic theory assumes that money is fungible, meaning that a dollar earned as salary is functionally ①identical to a dollar received as a tax refund or won in a lottery. In practice, however, people routinely sort their finances into separate mental accounts, treating money differently depending on its source or intended purpose. A household that would never dip into its retirement savings to pay for a vacation might nonetheless spend an unexpected bonus on that very trip without ②hesitation, even though both sums are, in strictly financial terms, equally available for either purpose. This ③compartmentalization can produce decisions that appear ④consistent when viewed through a purely rational lens: the same individual who diligently saves a portion of every paycheck may simultaneously carry high-interest credit card debt, effectively paying more to borrow than they earn on their savings. Mental accounting is not always harmful, however; by assigning specific categories to specific funds, individuals can also impose useful ⑤discipline on their spending, preventing money earmarked for essential needs from being diverted toward impulsive purchases.

Online courses have become a popular way for students to learn practical job skills outside of school. Unlike traditional classes, these courses let learners study at their own ①pace and repeat difficult lessons as many times as needed. However, taking an online course requires strong self-discipline, since no teacher checks whether students are ②keeping up. Experts recommend setting a fixed weekly schedule and finishing small assignments ③regularly instead of studying everything the night before a deadline. Choosing a course with clear reviews and a well-organized structure also matters, because poorly designed courses can ④save valuable time. With the right approach, online learning can give students a real ⑤head start in their future careers.

Dear residents, this notice explains how to use our apartment recycling area correctly. The recycling area, located behind the main entrance, is open every day from six to ten in the evening. (A) First, sort your items into the labeled sections for paper, plastic, glass, and cans before dropping them off. Boxes should be flattened, and bottles should be emptied, because dirty items are hard to recycle. (B) In contrast to ordinary trash, recyclable materials must never be mixed together in one bag. Following these simple rules keeps our shared space tidy for every family. (C) However, please do not leave large furniture or electronics in this area at any time. Instead, contact the management office to arrange a separate pickup for those bulky items. For example, broken chairs and old refrigerators require a special sticker before collection.

Software development teams are especially known for missing their own deadlines by wide margins. (A) A team asked to estimate a new project usually imagines everything proceeding smoothly, without bugs, meetings, or unexpected requests. (B) To avoid repeating this mistake, some teams now review how long their last three similar projects actually took before setting a new deadline. (C) Because this imagined version rarely matches reality, the original deadline is missed almost every time, often by weeks or months.

Minho's path to reaching his goal was not always smooth, but he found a few strategies that kept him moving forward. (A) First, he wrote his goal in his notebook and read it every morning to keep it fresh in his mind. (B) He then broke his big goal into smaller monthly tasks, focusing on one weak subject at a time. (C) Finally, he partnered with a friend who shared the same goal, and they checked on each other's progress every week.

주어진 문장: This influence is so strong that many companies actively encourage customers to leave feedback after each purchase. Before making a purchase, most online shoppers now read reviews written by previous customers rather than relying solely on advertisements. ( ① ) These reviews, posted by people who have no financial connection to the seller, often seem more trustworthy than promotional claims. ( ② ) Research shows that products with a large number of positive reviews sell significantly more than those with few or no reviews at all. ( ③ ) However, fake reviews written by paid writers or even automated programs have become a serious problem, undermining consumer trust. ( ④ ) Platforms that fail to detect these fraudulent posts risk losing credibility with their users. ( ⑤ ) Ultimately, the power of online reviews depends entirely on their perceived honesty.

This wasted electricity, though invisible, still comes from real power plants that burn fuel. Turning off lights when you leave a room seems like a tiny action, but it saves more energy than most people expect. ① Every light left on in an empty room wastes electricity that could have powered something useful elsewhere. ② For example, a single classroom light left on overnight can waste enough energy to charge dozens of phones. This habit is similar to leaving a faucet running while you brush your teeth, where water flows out for no reason. ③ Both actions seem harmless in the moment, but they add up to a serious waste over time. Some students argue that a single light does not make much difference. ④ However, when an entire school forms this habit together, the total amount of saved energy becomes significant. ⑤ Therefore, this small daily habit can create a surprisingly large positive effect for the whole planet.