영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sociologist Erving Goffman argued that people constantly perform for others, much like actors ①managing their image on a stage, a concept known as impression management. This idea applies vividly to social media, where users select flattering photos and delete posts ②that might damage their reputation. Such careful curation allows people ③to present an idealized version of themselves that emphasizes achievements while hiding struggles or ordinary moments. However, when this performance becomes constant, a troubling gap can form between one's authentic self and the polished character ④displaying online. Maintaining that gap requires considerable emotional energy, and studies suggest it often leads to anxiety and exhaustion. Furthermore, comparing one's own carefully staged life to others' equally staged posts can distort what people believe is normal. Therefore, individuals should recognize that some self-presentation online is inevitable, but they must also protect space where imperfection ⑤is allowed to remain visible.

Part of the problem is that renting a scooter takes only a few taps on a phone screen, while finding and carrying a helmet requires ①planning that many riders simply skip. Emergency room doctors note that scooter-related head injuries have risen ②sharply in recent years, closely tracking the rise in scooter popularity itself. Unlike a bicycle, which typically requires balance skills built up over years of practice, an electric scooter can reach a ③surprising speed within seconds, often faster than new riders expect from something that looks simple to operate. A fall at that speed, onto pavement rather than grass, can cause a head injury just as ④severe as one from a bicycle or a small motorcycle. Cities that have begun requiring helmets for scooter rentals report a measurable ⑤rise in serious injuries.

Philosophers sometimes ask their students to imagine a creature physically identical to an ordinary human being in every measurable respect, one that walks, talks, laughs, and even cries out in apparent pain when injured, yet that has no inner conscious experience whatsoever. This imagined being, commonly called a philosophical zombie, behaves ②completely differently from a conscious person, since every neuron fires in precisely the same pattern, but there is supposedly nothing it is like to be that creature from the inside. Defenders of the argument claim that because such a zombie is at least ①conceivable without any logical contradiction, consciousness itself cannot be fully explained by physical processes alone. Critics respond that mere conceivability ③proves very little about what is genuinely possible in the real world, and that our intuition about zombies may simply ④reflect the limits of imagination rather than a real gap in ⑤nature.

After a strenuous workout, muscle fibers experience thousands of ①microscopic tears, and the body immediately begins a repair process that ultimately makes the muscle stronger than it was before. This repair depends heavily on amino acids, the building blocks that protein supplies, which is why sports scientists recommend consuming protein within a couple of hours after training. Waiting too long to eat can ②slow recovery, since a muscle's sensitivity to amino acids gradually declines once that window closes. Many athletes assume that eating an enormous quantity of protein in a single sitting will ③delay this process, but the body can only use a limited amount at once; the rest is simply burned for energy or stored as fat. For this reason, nutritionists generally advise spreading moderate portions of protein ④evenly across several meals throughout the day rather than saving it all for one large post-workout ⑤meal.

Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice carries real physiological costs. A cold muscle is ①more flexible and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly asked to contract forcefully. Gradually raising body temperature through light activity ②increases blood flow to the muscles, allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, ③easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report ④better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already ⑤primed rather than adjusting on the fly.

Browsing an online store today often means chatting with an AI assistant that asks a few quick questions before suggesting a short list of products tailored to the answers. Retailers report that shoppers who use these chatbots tend to complete purchases more often and return fewer items, since the guided conversation helps buyers choose products that actually fit their needs. Some shoppers, however, remain wary of how personal the questions can feel, wondering _______________. Consumer advocates argue that stores should clearly explain what happens to this data, rather than burying the explanation in a lengthy privacy policy that almost no one reads.

Opening most camera apps today reveals a row of filters that can smooth skin, brighten eyes, and reshape a jawline before a photo is even taken. What began as a playful novelty has become a default setting for many users, subtly adjusting nearly every selfie posted online. Psychologists have grown concerned about a specific consequence of this shift: _______________. Some social media platforms have responded by labeling heavily edited photos or banning certain filters that alter body shape.

Individuals rarely evaluate their own lives in isolation; instead, they measure their achievements, possessions, and status against a reference group, a set of people they use as a standard for comparison. (C) Robert Merton showed that soldiers who compared their promotion chances to peers within their own slow-moving unit often felt more satisfied than soldiers in units with faster promotion rates. (A) Sociologists distinguish between normative reference groups, which shape a person's values and behavior, and comparative reference groups, which merely provide a benchmark for self-assessment. (B) This counterintuitive finding demonstrates that satisfaction depends less on objective circumstances than on the group against which those circumstances are measured.

This mismatch between internal time and local time is the true source of the problem, not the flight itself. Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock, a condition widely known as jet lag. ( ① ) The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock, which governs sleep, hunger, and alertness, continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. ( ② ) Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. ( ③ ) Flying eastward tends to produce more severe symptoms than flying westward, because advancing the internal clock forward is generally harder for the body than delaying it. ( ④ ) Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself. ( ⑤ ) Without such adjustments, travelers may continue to experience disrupted sleep and reduced concentration for several days after a long international flight.

One of the clearest examples of this involves a specific protein that stimulates the growth of new brain cells. Exercise does far more than strengthen muscles and the heart; it also produces measurable changes within the brain itself. ( ① ) During sustained physical activity, the body releases a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens connections between existing ones, particularly in regions associated with memory and learning. ( ② ) Studies comparing physically active students to sedentary peers have repeatedly found that the active group performs better on tests of attention and problem-solving, even when the exercise session ends well before the test begins. ( ③ ) Researchers believe that exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients more efficiently, while also reducing levels of stress hormones that can interfere with clear thinking. ( ④ ) Interestingly, aerobic activities such as running or swimming appear to produce more pronounced cognitive benefits than purely strength-based training. ( ⑤ )