영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Every day, people throw away piles of used paper without ①thinking about where it goes. However, most of that paper does not have to end up in a landfill. Instead, it can travel to a recycling factory and become brand new paper again. First, workers collect old newspapers, boxes, and notebooks ②left in recycling bins. These papers are then soaked in water and ③turned into soft, mushy pulp. You can think of this process like breaking a cookie back into flour and water. For example, ink and small pieces of plastic ④is removed from the pulp during this stage. The clean pulp is pressed into thin sheets and ⑤dried in large machines. Therefore, a wrinkled old newspaper can be reborn as clean white paper. In contrast to throwing paper away, recycling it saves trees and reduces waste.

Last Saturday, Jimin visited the recycling center near her apartment with her science class. She ①had expected the place to be dirty and unpleasant, but the center looked clean and well organized. A worker named Mr. Park guided the students through each area, ②explaining how bottles, cans, and paper were sorted. He showed them a machine ③that crushed plastic bottles into small pieces before they were sent to factories. Jimin was surprised to learn that mixed trash, ④thrown into the wrong bin, often ruined an entire batch of recyclables. For example, one greasy pizza box could contaminate a whole pile of clean paper. However, when items were sorted correctly, they could be reused many times, almost like ingredients in a favorite recipe. ⑤Walked home, Jimin realized that her small effort at home truly mattered.

Have you ever thrown away an old pair of jeans simply because they no longer fit? Instead of ①discarding them, many people now turn old items into something new and useful. This creative process, ②called upcycling, transforms unwanted objects into products with greater value than before. For example, a worn pair of jeans can be cut and sewn into a sturdy bag or a small pouch. Old wooden pallets, ③once using for shipping, are often rebuilt into simple furniture such as tables and shelves. However, upcycling differs from ordinary recycling, ④which usually breaks materials down before making something new. In upcycling, the original material keeps most of its form while ⑤gaining a fresh purpose.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, known as the default option. Research consistently shows that ___________, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries where citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies rather than individuals, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential. Still, supporters insist that because some default must always exist, it should support people's own long-term interests rather than mere institutional convenience.

A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that _______________.

Implementation intentions have become one of the most widely studied tools in behavioral psychology for helping people reach their goals. (A) Unlike a vague goal such as "I will exercise more," an implementation intention specifies both the situation that triggers the behavior and the exact action that follows. (B) Because the decision has already been made in advance, people no longer need to rely on willpower at the critical moment when the temptation to skip arises. (C) For example, a person might decide, "If it is seven in the morning, then I will put on my running shoes immediately," rather than simply hoping to find time to exercise.

Scaling up in ambition, however, means scaling up in difficulty as well. A biosensor works by pairing a biological component, such as an enzyme or antibody, with an electronic device that converts a biological reaction into a signal a computer can read. ( ① ) When the target molecule, whether glucose in blood or a trace of a pathogen, binds to the biological component, it triggers a small measurable change that the device translates into a readable number. ( ② ) This design has already transformed diabetes management, letting patients monitor blood sugar continuously through a small sensor worn under the skin rather than pricking a finger several times a day. ( ③ ) Engineers are now racing to extend the same principle to detect subtler targets, from cancer cells circulating in the bloodstream to trace contaminants in drinking water. ( ④ ) The central challenge is not detecting the target but doing so reliably outside a controlled laboratory. ( ⑤ ) A sensor that performs well on a clean lab bench can behave erratically once exposed to a real body or a real river.

주어진 문장: She had rehearsed exactly what she would say the moment their eyes finally met. Minji spent nearly every evening watching Jimin, an online creator who streamed cooking videos and chatted casually with her viewers. ( ① ) Over several months, Minji began to feel as though she truly knew Jimin, laughing at her jokes and worrying whenever she mentioned having a difficult week. ( ② ) Whenever Jimin responded to a comment, even a simple one, Minji felt a small thrill of connection, as if they were becoming closer friends. ( ③ ) One day, Minji excitedly waited outside a fan event, hoping that Jimin would recognize her from the countless messages she had sent. ( ④ ) However, Jimin greeted her the same way she greeted every other stranger in line, without any hint of personal recognition. ( ⑤ ) Standing there, Minji slowly realized that the bond she had imagined was entirely one-sided, existing only in her own mind. This type of connection, known as a parasocial relationship, can feel remarkably real despite never being mutual.

주어진 문장: This confusion sometimes leads them to join an activity that does not match what they are really looking for. Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. ( ① ) In fact, the two groups serve very different purposes. ( ② ) The student council is an official body that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. ( ③ ) For example, council members often organize the school festival. They also collect opinions from each class before making decisions. ( ④ ) A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members enjoy. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion.

주어진 문장: Clubs that have received funding in the past must also include a short report on how last semester's budget was spent. Attention all club leaders: applications for the club budget are now open. ( ① ) If your club wants support for materials, events, or competitions, please follow the steps below. ( ② ) First, download the budget request form from the school website and fill in your club's name, purpose, and requested amount. Second, attach a short plan explaining how the money will be used, since forms without a clear plan will not be reviewed. ( ③ ) Third, submit the completed form to the teacher in charge of student activities by August 14th. Applications received after the deadline will not be accepted. ( ④ ) Once submitted, each request will be reviewed by the budget committee, which meets every Friday. Approved clubs will receive their funds within two weeks, and results will be posted on the club bulletin board. ( ⑤ ) Please contact Mr. Han in the activities office if you have any questions.