영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, ①knowing as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Consumers, ②who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products ③that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually ④require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards ⑤that require companies to prove their environmental claims with verifiable data.

Sensors buried in the soil now report moisture levels in real time, drones survey entire fields for signs of disease within minutes, and automated systems adjust irrigation without a farmer ever walking the rows. For large operations with the capital to invest, these tools have ①measurably increased yields while ②reducing water waste, addressing two problems that traditional farming has struggled with for generations. Smaller family farms, however, often ③cannot afford the upfront cost of this equipment, and some worry that the gap between high-tech and traditional operations will only widen as the technology advances further. There is also a quieter cultural cost that rarely appears in productivity reports: generations of farming knowledge risk being ④preserved by dashboards and automated alerts that few young farmers are taught to question, a loss productivity reports rarely ⑤capture.

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses ①increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. Cyberbullying ②minimizes this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity ③intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain ④silent instead. However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can ⑤disrupt this harmful pattern.

Every day, people throw away piles of used paper without thinking about where it goes. However, most of that paper does not have to end up in a landfill. Instead, it can travel to a recycling factory and _______________. First, workers collect old newspapers, boxes, and notebooks left in recycling bins. These papers are then soaked in water and turned into soft, mushy pulp. You can think of this process like breaking a cookie back into flour and water. For example, ink and small pieces of plastic are removed from the pulp during this stage. The clean pulp is pressed into thin sheets and dried in large machines. Therefore, a wrinkled old newspaper can be reborn as clean white paper. In contrast to throwing paper away, recycling it saves trees and reduces waste.

Millions of people now wear devices that continuously track their heart rate, sleep patterns, and daily activity. Users generally assume this information belongs to them, since it is drawn directly from their own bodies. In practice, however, the terms of service that few people read often grant the manufacturer broad rights to store, analyze, and even sell anonymized versions of that data. Advocates for reform argue that biological data deserves a category of protection stronger than ordinary consumer information, precisely because _______________.

Jiho's path into entrepreneurship began almost by accident, far from the corporate career his parents had imagined for him. (A) Despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky, Jiho and his teammates decided to delay job applications and pursue the idea further. (B) A class project he joined during his final year gradually evolved into something more serious, as restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. (C) That decision eventually paid off, as the team secured a small investment after nearly failing twice.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades: who should the vehicle protect in an unavoidable crash? (A) This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot be settled by public opinion alone. (B) Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should minimize total harm, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. (C) Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

Dear residents, we are writing to explain how to separate food waste correctly in our building. Many people still throw food waste into the general trash, which causes bad smells. Therefore, this notice describes the exact steps you should follow every day. (A) First, please use the special yellow bin near the parking lot for all food scraps. Fruit peels, vegetable ends, and leftover rice belong in this bin, not in a plastic bag. (B) However, hard items such as eggshells and bones must go into the general trash instead. In addition, please drain excess liquid from your food waste before throwing it away. (C) This simple habit, which only takes a few seconds, keeps the area clean and dry. For example, tea bags should never be placed in the food waste bin. Thank you for helping our neighborhood stay pleasant.

Yet the more she corrected them, the quieter the room became. Last month, our class began practicing for the school choir contest, but rehearsals quickly turned tense. ( ① ) Minji, who had the loudest voice, kept correcting other members in the middle of songs. ( ② ) Several students felt hurt and began skipping practice, saying it felt more like criticism than teamwork. Our music teacher noticed the empty seats and asked what was happening. ( ③ ) Minji explained that she only wanted the group to sound perfect. However, Junho said her tone made people afraid to sing at all. ( ④ ) After an awkward silence, Minji admitted she had never noticed how her words affected others. So the class tried something new: each member shared one compliment before rehearsal began. ( ⑤ ) Slowly, the tension faded and attendance returned to normal. On the day of the contest, the choir sang together with real confidence and earned second place.

This is because the sun's rays are strongest during these hours, even on cloudy days. Strong summer sunlight can seriously damage your skin if you are not careful. ( ① ) Ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn, wrinkles, and even skin cancer over time. ( ② ) To protect your skin, apply sunscreen with a high SPF before going outside, and reapply it every two hours. ( ③ ) Wearing a hat and sunglasses also helps shield your face and eyes from direct sunlight. ( ④ ) In addition, try to stay in the shade between eleven in the morning and three in the afternoon. ( ⑤ ) After spending time outdoors, cool your skin with a damp towel and apply a moisturizer.