영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A cluster of neurons smaller than a pea can now spontaneously ①organizing itself into layered structures that mimic, in miniature, the architecture of a developing human brain. Grown from stem cells coaxed to follow the same developmental cues that guide an embryo, these brain organoids have begun ②firing electrical signals in patterns that faintly resemble the activity recorded in an infant's brain. For researchers studying disorders such as autism or schizophrenia, this offers something long unavailable: a living model of human brain development that can be ③observed and manipulated directly, without ever touching an actual patient. Because organoids lack sensory organs, a body, or any connection to the outside world, most neuroscientists argue that the structures cannot generate anything ④resembling subjective experience, however brain-like their electrical activity may appear. Even so, the pace at which these organoids are growing more complex has convinced some ethicists that the field would benefit from ⑤establishing clear boundaries now, before the science outruns the conversation about what it means.

When people are ①asked to judge how risky or beneficial a particular technology is, they rarely conduct anything ②resembling a careful cost-benefit analysis. Instead, they consult a quick emotional impression, an instinctive sense of whether the technology feels good or feels bad, and let that impression guide their entire judgment. This mental shortcut, ③known as the affect heuristic, produces a curious pattern that traditional risk theory struggles to explain: activities people like tend to be judged as both safer and more beneficial, while activities they dislike are judged as both riskier and less beneficial, even when no logical relationship between risk and benefit exists. For example, when researchers ④presented a fictional industrial chemical alongside a brief description emphasizing its convenience, participants rated it not only as more useful but also, illogically, as less dangerous. Because emotional impressions form so rapidly and feel so trustworthy, correcting for this heuristic requires deliberate effort; simply presenting more accurate statistics to already anxious or enthusiastic audiences rarely ⑤change their underlying judgment.

When a classmate began writing her diary entries in elaborate, flowing calligraphy instead of ordinary handwriting, I ①assumed she was simply trying to make her notebook look decorative. Curious, I asked her to teach me one afternoon, and I quickly ②discovered that calligraphy demands far more patience than I had expected. Every stroke has to be planned before the pen touches the paper, since a brush pen cannot be ③casually corrected once ink has already spread across the page. She told me that slowing her hand down to this deliberate pace actually helped her think more clearly, because rushing through a sentence in calligraphy simply was not physically ④possible. What began as decoration for her gradually became a kind of meditation, a rare part of her day when she could not multitask or ⑤hurrying.

Within days, thousands of people began recreating the dance and tagging the brand, turning an ordinary product launch into a ①viral trend. Because participants created the content themselves, viewers found the videos far more ②entertaining than a traditional advertisement would have been. The company barely spent any money on production, yet the challenge reached ③millions of viewers across multiple platforms. Encouraged by this success, other brands quickly attempted similar challenges, though many ④succeeded in generating the same excitement. Researchers later explained that the original challenge succeeded because it felt spontaneous and fun rather than obviously ⑤commercial.

Change blindness refers to a striking limitation of human perception in which observers fail to notice substantial ① alterations to a visual scene, provided the change occurs during a brief disruption such as an eye movement or a momentary obstruction. In a now-famous demonstration, researchers showed participants two versions of a photograph in alternation ②, separated by a short blank screen, and asked them to identify what had changed. Even when an entire building disappeared or a person's clothing shifted color, many viewers stared at the picture without detecting anything unusual ③. This phenomenon occurs because visual attention, rather than passively recording every detail like a camera, actively selects only a narrow ④ subset of information for processing at any given moment. Whatever falls outside that narrow spotlight is represented only sparsely, if at all, leaving it vulnerable to being overwritten without notice. Consequently, change blindness demonstrates that our impression of a rich, complete visual world is, to a surprising extent, an illusion constructed by the mind, not an unreliable ⑤ record of external reality.

When someone's heart suddenly stops beating, the brain begins to suffer damage within minutes unless blood keeps circulating. Studies show that a person who receives CPR immediately from someone nearby is far more likely to survive than one who waits for professional help to arrive. Despite this, many people hesitate to start chest compressions, worried that they might break a rib or make the situation worse. Medical instructors respond to this fear: _______________. Modern CPR training has also been simplified, focusing on firm, rhythmic chest compressions rather than the more complicated combination of breaths and compressions once required.

Many readers assume that once they finish a book, there is no reason to open it again. Yet teachers who study reading often disagree, arguing that a second reading can reveal details a first reading misses completely. During a first reading, most of a student's attention goes toward simply following the plot, wondering what will happen next. Once the ending is already known, _______________. Some students who reread their favorite novel report that it feels almost like reading a different book, because they now understand the characters' motives more deeply.

Even the strangest idea, however small, had to be treated as completely real. On the first day of our improv theater workshop, the instructor gave us a rule that seemed impossible to follow: never say no to whatever another performer suggests. ( ① ) If a scene partner claimed the empty classroom was actually a submarine, our job was to accept that fact instantly and build on it, rather than correcting or rejecting the idea. ( ② ) I found this terrifying at first, since improv offers no script to hide behind and no time to plan a clever line in advance. ( ③ ) Over several weeks, though, I noticed that the students who worried most about saying something wrong were usually the ones who froze on stage, while those who simply accepted whatever happened and reacted honestly created the funniest, most memorable scenes. ( ④ ) The instructor explained that improv is not really about being naturally quick-witted, but about trusting a partner's idea enough to build on it rather than protecting your own. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This hesitation can appear even in group settings, where a single cautious voice may delay a decision for everyone. Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. ( ① ) This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. ( ② ) Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. ( ③ ) In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. ( ④ ) For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.

주어진 문장: This is because the brain naturally pays more attention to things that are connected to a person's goals. Many students who reach their goals share one habit: they picture the goal clearly before they even start working. ( ① ) This process, called visualization, means imagining a goal in detail, often by drawing pictures or writing specific descriptions. ( ② ) For example, a student who dreams of studying abroad might make a board filled with photos of a foreign campus and a list of steps to get there. ( ③ ) Seeing these images every day keeps the goal fresh in mind and reminds the student why the effort matters. ( ④ ) Visualization also helps people notice small opportunities they might otherwise miss. ( ⑤ ) In addition, picturing success in advance can lower anxiety, because the mind grows familiar with the process instead of fearing an unknown outcome.