영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When Suji transferred to a new school in March, she ①knew no one in her class and felt lonely during lunch and breaks. Her homeroom teacher suggested ②joining a club to make friends more easily. Suji signed up for the photography club, though she had never taken photography seriously before. At the first meeting, older members taught her how ③to adjusting a camera and find a good angle. Because everyone shared photos and gave friendly feedback each week, Suji gradually felt more comfortable with the other members. One rainy afternoon, a fellow member, Hana, ④invited her to photograph the flooded schoolyard together. They laughed while trying to keep their cameras dry, and that moment grew into a real friendship. By the end of the semester, Suji had a small group of friends ⑤who understood her sense of humor.

Many large companies now rely on artificial intelligence to screen job applications before a human ever sees them. These systems promise ① efficiency, scanning thousands of resumes in seconds and ranking candidates according to patterns drawn from previous hiring decisions. However, this reliance on historical data creates a ② troubling risk. If a company's past hiring favored a particular group, the algorithm may learn to treat that pattern as a marker of success and ③ loudly reproduce it, even when no one intended discrimination. Unlike a human interviewer, the system offers no explanation for its choices, which makes the bias ④ difficult to detect until an outside audit reveals it. Some researchers argue that fairness cannot be added afterward; it must be built into the system's design from the very ⑤ beginning.

A documentary director named Mira first traveled to a remote Arctic glacier to film its towering cliffs of blue ice, which seemed frozen in time. Standing before the ①<u>massive</u> wall, she assumed such an enormous structure could hardly change within a lifetime. Five years later, however, she returned to the very same coordinates, expecting her camera to capture an identical scene. Instead, she discovered that the glacier had ②<u>retreated</u> so dramatically that the ice cliffs, once visible from her original position, had nearly ③<u>disappeared</u>, leaving bare rock and pools of meltwater behind. Comparing the two sets of footage side by side, Mira realized that a transformation she had expected to take centuries was actually happening within a single decade. This encounter convinced her that climate change, which she had previously regarded as a ⑤<u>distant</u> statistic, was in fact a ④<u>trivial</u> process reshaping landscapes before her eyes.

Classical economic theory assumes that consumers evaluate every price change in the same ① rational way, weighing marginal benefit against marginal cost regardless of the absolute numbers involved. Behavioral economists, however, have discovered a ② striking exception: the moment a price drops to exactly zero, people's judgment shifts in a way that ordinary discounting cannot explain. In a well-known laboratory experiment, participants chose between two chocolates, one of higher quality priced at a small fee and one of lower quality offered for free. When both prices were merely reduced by the same amount, most participants still ③ avoided the higher-quality option. Yet once the cheaper chocolate's price was lowered to zero, the majority ④ abruptly switched their preference, even though the price gap between the two options had not actually changed. Researchers explain this reversal by noting that a free item carries no perceived risk of loss, which makes it feel disproportionately ⑤ attractive compared with any option that still requires payment, however small.

On the first day of the club fair, the gym was filled with noise and color. Every table had a banner, and members called out to new first-graders like me. My friend Somin dragged me toward the robotics club, insisting it would suit me. However, the long list of coding projects looked too complicated for a beginner. Just then, I noticed a quiet table where students were sketching posters together. A calm senior named Jian explained that the art club welcomed complete beginners. She showed me a sketchbook filled with simple drawings by first-year members. Her gentle voice made me feel relaxed for the first time that day. Without much thought, I wrote my name on the sign-up sheet before leaving. Walking out of the gym, I finally felt _______________.

Last spring, Minji joined a new club at her school called the Green Runners. Every Saturday morning, the members jog around the neighborhood park while picking up trash. This activity, called plogging, combines jogging with cleaning up litter from the streets. At first, Minji felt embarrassed to pick up garbage in front of other people. However, _______________. For example, the group collected more than twenty bags of trash during their first month together. Picking up litter while running is like turning an ordinary workout into a meaningful mission. Minji's legs grew tired, but her heart felt proud after every session. Now, she encourages her friends, who used to tease her, to join the club as well. Minji believes that small habits, practiced together, can change a whole community.

Food choices are increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. (A) By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society. (B) A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. (C) Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.

For years, a small riverside village had suffered from flooding that grew worse with each passing summer. (A) In addition, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, and the village installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. (B) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced, becoming a model for neighboring communities. (C) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather, and engineers began by widening the drainage canals surrounding the village so that excess rainwater could flow away more efficiently.

주어진 문장: This curvature reflects a broader principle: sensitivity to change diminishes as the underlying quantity grows, whether that quantity represents a gain or a loss. Prospect theory proposes that the subjective value of money is not a straight line but a curved function, differing sharply from the assumptions of classical economic models. ( ① ) In the domain of gains, the function bends downward as amounts increase, so the psychological difference between earning zero and one hundred dollars feels far greater than between earning one thousand and eleven hundred. ( ② ) A parallel pattern appears among losses, where the curve bends in the opposite direction, yet sensitivity still fades as the amount grows larger. ( ③ ) This tendency, known as diminishing sensitivity, explains why a shopper barely notices a ten dollar increase on a two thousand dollar purchase, though the same ten dollars would matter enormously as the price of a meal. ( ④ ) Researchers illustrate this curvature with graphs shaped like an S turned sideways, sloping gently near the center and flattening toward both extremes. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this curvature allows economists to predict decisions that a simple, linear model of value could never anticipate.

주어진 문장: This vulnerability explains why crucial instructions embedded in the middle of a lengthy list are so often overlooked or misremembered. Anyone designing a presentation, a curriculum, or a grocery list should attend to a well-documented pattern in human memory known as the serial position effect. When people are asked to recall items from a list right after studying it, they consistently remember the items presented at the beginning and end far better than those buried in the middle. ( ① ) The advantage for early items, called the primacy effect, arises because those items receive more rehearsal and are more likely to be transferred into long-term storage before subsequent items compete for attention. ( ② ) The advantage for final items, known as the recency effect, occurs because those items remain accessible in short-term memory at the moment of recall. ( ③ ) Middle items suffer because they must compete for limited rehearsal opportunities while lacking the stability afforded by extended processing. ( ④ ) Communicators who ignore this pattern risk burying their most important point where it will predictably be forgotten. ( ⑤ ) A more effective strategy, therefore, places the crucial message at the beginning or end, precisely where memory proves most reliable.