영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

During the hottest weeks of summer, the city operates free cooling centers for anyone who needs a break from the heat. These cooling centers provide air-conditioned spaces where visitors can rest ①comfortably. Anyone can use the facilities, but they are especially helpful for elderly people and those ②without air conditioning at home. There is no cost to use these centers, and no reservation is ③required. City officials encourage residents to check the nearest location on the city website, since operating hours may vary slightly by ④site. Making use of these cooling centers can help ⑤cause heat-related illnesses during extreme heat warnings.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards arrive ①predictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone is checked, regardless of whether the result is ②disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds ③compulsively, hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies ④deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than stumbling upon them by accident. Such practices raise serious ethical questions about ⑤manipulating users' brains for profit.

Last month, our class began practicing for the school choir contest, but rehearsals quickly turned ①tense. Minji, who had the loudest voice, kept correcting other members in the middle of songs. Several students felt ②hurt and began skipping practice, saying it felt more like criticism than teamwork. Our music teacher noticed the empty seats and asked what was happening. Minji explained that she only wanted the group to sound perfect. However, Junho said her tone made people afraid to sing at all. After an ③awkward silence, Minji admitted she had never noticed how her words affected others. So the class tried something new: each member shared one compliment before rehearsal began. Slowly, the tension ④faded and attendance returned to normal. On the day of the contest, the choir sang together with real ⑤doubt and earned second place.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that willpower functions like a muscle that gradually ①strengthens after repeated use. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same ②limited mental resource. As this resource becomes ③depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may ④struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help ⑤restore this depleted resource.

One Saturday morning, Jiho carried a heavy bag of old clothes to the donation box near his apartment. He had grown taller over the winter, so many shirts no longer fit him. At first, he almost threw the clothes into the regular trash without thinking twice. However, his older sister reminded him that clean clothes could still help someone else. She explained that donating clothes was like giving a plant a second chance to grow. For example, a jacket he had outgrown might keep another child warm this winter. Therefore, Jiho folded each shirt neatly and placed them gently inside the box. In contrast to his first careless idea, he now felt genuinely happy about his choice. Walking home, Jiho realized that _______________.

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, _______________________. The student council is an official body that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival. They also collect opinions from each class before making decisions. A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members enjoy. Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion.

Our school's book club, Page Turners, meets every Wednesday to discuss a book the members chose. At the start of each month, students suggest titles and vote to pick one. This way, everyone feels some ownership over what the club reads next. Before each meeting, members read several chapters and prepare a few questions. During the meeting, the leader opens discussion by asking a question about the story's main idea. Then members take turns sharing their opinions, even when they disagree with each other. For example, students once argued for a long time about a character's difficult choice. Such debates, though sometimes loud, help members understand different points of view. At the end of the semester, the club holds an event to recommend favorite books. Through this process, reading becomes _______________.

Water looks endless when it flows from the tap every morning, but clean water is actually a limited resource that we must protect carefully, since many families waste water without even noticing it. (A) Fixing a leaking faucet, which many people ignore, can also save hundreds of liters every month, since saving water is like keeping money in a savings account for the future. (B) For example, leaving the tap running while brushing your teeth can waste several liters of water, but turning off the tap during that time saves a surprising amount of water each day. (C) Taking a shorter shower is another easy habit that reduces water use significantly, and small changes like these can make a real difference over time.

The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. (A) However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably faster than the others. The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food, since plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. (B) To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average, keeping a shared notebook of conditions. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair. (C) Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants.

주어진 문장: This hesitation can appear even in group settings, where a single cautious voice may delay a decision for everyone. Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. ( ① ) This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. ( ② ) Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. ( ③ ) In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. ( ④ ) For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.