영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Classical economic models typically assume that people discount future rewards at a constant rate, ①valuing a reward received later somewhat less than an identical reward received now. Empirical observation, however, reveals a different pattern: people apply a much steeper discount to the immediate future than to the distant future, a phenomenon ②termed hyperbolic discounting. This inconsistency explains why an individual might sincerely resolve tonight to wake up early and exercise tomorrow, only to postpone the plan once tomorrow actually arrives and the immediate discomfort of getting out of bed ③become vivid and present. When the reward or cost in question lies safely in the future, its emotional weight remains muted, ④allowing rational long-term goals to dominate one's stated intentions. Once that same reward or cost draws near, however, its immediacy triggers a disproportionately strong emotional pull, frequently ⑤overriding the very plans made earlier with such apparent confidence.

Conventional economic wisdom holds that more options are always preferable to fewer. Empirical research on consumer behavior, however, complicates this assumption considerably. When shoppers are presented with an extensive array of choices, they frequently experience heightened anxiety about making the wrong selection and, paradoxically, become less likely to make any purchase or decision at all. Businesses that recognize this dynamic have begun deliberately curating smaller, carefully selected assortments, betting that ___________ can sometimes generate more sales and greater customer satisfaction than abundance.

Air conditioners make summer days more comfortable, but using them incorrectly can harm your health. Many people set the temperature far below the outdoor temperature to cool down quickly. However, doctors recommend ___________. A larger gap forces your body to adjust constantly, which can weaken your immune system and cause headaches, fatigue, and a stuffy nose.

New jobs related to technology are appearing in many different fields. (A) In the field of energy, technicians now install and repair solar panels and wind turbines. (B) In healthcare, meanwhile, specialists design digital tools that help elderly patients manage their health. (C) In the world of data, analysts help companies make sense of huge amounts of information.

Storing summer fruit properly can help you avoid waste and enjoy fresher flavors. (A) Berries, however, should not be washed until just before eating, because moisture encourages mold to grow. (B) Watermelon and melon should be kept in the refrigerator once they are cut, since warm air speeds up spoiling. (C) Bananas, unlike most fruit, are best kept on the counter rather than in the refrigerator.

Scientists have studied exactly how a habit becomes part of daily life over time. (A) In the early stage, the brain still treats the new activity as unusual, so a person must rely heavily on willpower to continue. (B) By the final stage, the behavior no longer requires effort, since it has become a natural and comfortable part of the daily routine. (C) As the weeks pass, the behavior gradually becomes easier because the brain begins to expect it at a certain time each day.

The concept of energy management has gained popularity among workplace researchers who study how people sustain productivity throughout the day. (A) For this reason, experts recommend that people identify the hours when they naturally feel most alert and schedule their most demanding tasks during those windows. (B) Unlike time, which passes at the same rate for everyone, personal energy fluctuates throughout the day depending on factors such as sleep and nutrition. (C) Simple or repetitive tasks, on the other hand, can be handled during low-energy periods without much loss in quality.

Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, prized for its ability to sharpen focus and fight off fatigue within minutes of consumption. (A) For this reason, many sleep specialists advise avoiding caffeine after early afternoon, since it can quietly reduce the amount of deep, restorative sleep obtained later at night. (B) It works by blocking adenosine, a chemical that gradually builds up in the brain and makes us feel increasingly sleepy the longer we stay awake. (C) The effects, however, last far longer than most people realize, since caffeine can remain active in the bloodstream for five or six hours after it is consumed.

Ironically, the more confident these investors become, the less likely they are to seek out disconfirming evidence at all. Confirmation bias exerts a particularly strong influence in financial markets, where uncertainty leaves considerable room for interpretation. ( ① ) An investor convinced that a certain stock is undervalued will often read every piece of ambiguous news as further proof of that belief. ( ② ) Positive earnings are taken as confirmation of the stock's hidden potential, while disappointing earnings are dismissed as a temporary anomaly rather than a genuine warning sign. ( ③ ) This selective interpretation allows the investor's initial conviction to grow stronger with each new piece of information, regardless of whether that information actually supports the belief. ( ④ ) Financial advisors therefore recommend that investors deliberately seek out opinions that challenge their existing positions before making major decisions. ( ⑤ ) Only by actively exposing oneself to disconfirming evidence can one guard against the self-reinforcing cycle that confirmation bias tends to produce.

This is because undercooked meat, fish, and eggs can carry harmful bacteria that cause illness. Food poisoning cases increase sharply during the hot summer months, so make sure that meat, fish, and eggs are cooked thoroughly before eating. ( ① ) High temperatures allow bacteria to grow quickly in food that is not stored properly. ( ② ) To protect yourself, always wash your hands with soap before preparing food. ( ③ ) Keep perishable food in the refrigerator, and never leave it out at room temperature for more than two hours. ( ④ ) It is also wise to use separate cutting boards for raw meat and vegetables. ( ⑤ ) If you experience symptoms such as stomach pain or vomiting, seek medical help promptly.