영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

On the first day of winter break, my friend Yuna and I sat in a cafe and talked about the new year ahead. Instead of ①making separate plans, we decided to write our goals together on one sheet of paper. Yuna wanted ②improving her English speaking, while I wanted to wake up earlier every morning. We agreed ③to text each other every night to report what we had done that day. Yuna, ④who noticed my short replies, called me instead of just texting. Because we supported each other through difficult moments, both of us ⑤successfully reached our goals by spring.

Setting a goal is only the first step; ①keeping track of progress is just as important. Many people write down goals at the beginning of the year but never check how far they ②have come. Keeping a simple log, such as a weekly checklist or a short journal entry, lets a person ③seeing clear evidence of improvement over time. For instance, someone ④learning guitar might record which songs they practiced each week. Tracking progress also helps identify problems early, since a person can notice when effort stops producing results and ⑤adjust the plan before too much time is wasted.

Time travel to the past has long fascinated physicists and philosophers alike, but it also generates a famously troubling ①contradiction. Suppose a traveler journeyed backward in time and, through some combination of accident and intention, prevented their own grandfather from ever meeting their grandmother. If the grandfather never had children, the traveler themselves would never have been born, which means the traveler could never have existed to make the trip in the first place. Yet if the traveler never made the trip, the grandfather would have ②survived to meet the grandmother after all, allowing the traveler to be born and eventually travel back in time. The story therefore ③loops endlessly, undermining itself at every turn rather than settling into any stable outcome. Some physicists resolve the paradox by arguing that any consistent timeline must ④permit such self-defeating actions to succeed freely, while others propose that a traveler who alters the past simply branches off into a separate, parallel timeline instead, an idea many find ⑤appealing precisely because it avoids the contradiction altogether.

Many households save far less for retirement than conventional financial advice would recommend, not necessarily because they lack the resources to do so, but because a combination of procrastination, present bias, and the discomfort of forgoing current consumption repeatedly ①delays the decision to begin saving. Recognizing this gap between intention and action, some economists have proposed a savings program in which employees commit today to allocating a portion of their future salary increases toward retirement savings, rather than being asked to ②increase their current take-home pay immediately. Because the sacrifice applies only to income not yet received, the commitment feels far less ③painful than an equivalent reduction in present earnings would, making employees considerably more willing to enroll. Once enrolled, the contribution rate automatically rises with each subsequent raise, gradually ④increasing savings without requiring any further deliberate action from participants. Field trials of such programs have reported substantial increases in average savings rates over several years, alongside participant satisfaction that remains notably ⑤high.

Traditional economic models predict that a rational individual offered any positive sum of money, however small, should accept it without hesitation. A simple experimental exercise known as the ultimatum game consistently contradicts this prediction: when the proposer offers a division perceived as unfair, the second participant frequently rejects the offer entirely, leaving both parties with nothing. Such evidence challenges the assumption that economic actors pursue only their own material self-interest, demonstrating instead that considerations of ___________ can override the straightforward pursuit of maximum individual gain.

Advertisers rely on a range of psychological strategies to shape how consumers perceive their products. (A) One especially common strategy involves showing large crowds of satisfied customers, implying that popularity equals quality. (B) These strategies work most effectively when viewers remain unaware that they are being persuaded at all. (C) For this reason, teaching people to recognize such techniques can reduce their persuasive power significantly.

Sunny Beach Rentals makes it easy for visitors to enjoy the beach without buying their own gear. (A) To rent equipment, visitors simply need to show identification and pay a small refundable deposit. (B) Customers can choose from beach umbrellas, folding chairs, snorkeling gear, paddleboards, and life jackets. (C) Renters must return all items by six in the evening, since the shop closes shortly after sunset.

주어진 문장: This pattern echoes what happened during previous waves of industrial automation. Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly visible. ( ① ) Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. ( ② ) At the same time, millions of professional drivers worry about losing their jobs as automation spreads through the industry. ( ③ ) Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may shrink significantly within the next two decades. However, new roles are also emerging, including remote vehicle operators and technicians who maintain the complex sensors these vehicles depend on. ( ④ ) Workers who adapt their skills toward supervising and maintaining these systems are likely to find new opportunities rather than face unemployment. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This is why many coaches encourage athletes to keep their pre-game rituals exactly the same, even when circumstances change. Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. ( ① ) This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. ( ② ) The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. ( ③ ) Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. ( ④ ) For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires changing the routine while keeping the same cue and reward. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

주어진 문장: This short exercise will make your motivation much clearer to yourself. This workbook is designed to help you set meaningful goals for the new year, so please read the instructions carefully before you begin. First, turn to page one and write down one goal you truly want to achieve this year. Next, complete the reason section by explaining why this goal matters to you. ( ① ) On page two, break your goal into four smaller monthly steps, using the space provided for each month. ( ② ) Then, use the weekly checklist on page three to track your progress every Sunday. ( ③ ) If you fall behind schedule, do not simply give up; instead, revise your steps in pencil and keep moving forward. ( ④ ) At the end of each month, write a short reflection about what worked well and what you might change. ( ⑤ ) Completing this workbook will help you stay focused and turn your goal into a real habit.