영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Sociologists use the term homophily to describe the tendency of people to form connections with others who share ①different backgrounds, opinions, or interests. This principle explains why classmates from the same major often become close friends, while coworkers with shared hobbies naturally gravitate toward one another. Because similarity reduces the effort required to understand another person's perspective, relationships built on shared traits tend to feel ②comfortable and require less negotiation. However, this same comfort can ③narrow the range of viewpoints someone encounters, since surrounding oneself with similar people limits exposure to different ideas. Social media platforms intensify this pattern through recommendation algorithms that suggest new friends based on shared interests or similar browsing history. As a result, users often find their online circles becoming increasingly ④homogeneous, filled with people who think and behave much like themselves. Recognizing this tendency allows individuals to make ⑤deliberate efforts to broaden their social networks.

When people are asked to judge how risky or beneficial a particular technology is, they rarely conduct anything resembling a careful cost-benefit analysis. Instead, they consult a quick emotional impression, an instinctive sense of whether the technology feels good or feels bad, and let that impression guide their entire judgment. This mental shortcut, known as the affect heuristic, produces a curious pattern that traditional risk theory struggles to explain: _______________. For example, when researchers presented a fictional industrial chemical alongside a brief description emphasizing its convenience, participants rated it not only as more useful but also, illogically, as less dangerous.

Many companies now advertise themselves as environmentally responsible, yet a growing number of these claims turn out to be misleading. This practice, known as greenwashing, _______________. A company might launch a recycled-packaging line while continuing to pollute rivers through its main factories, creating a false impression of genuine change. Such tactics deceive well-intentioned consumers who wish to shop responsibly but lack the tools to verify corporate claims. In contrast, truly sustainable businesses publish detailed, independently verified data about their emissions and supply chains, allowing outsiders to check their progress. Therefore, shoppers should look beyond vague labels like green or natural and instead search for recognized certifications, transparent reports, and measurable targets. Without such scrutiny, greenwashing will keep flourishing, undermining public trust and slowing the broader shift toward an economy that truly protects the planet.

Behavioral economists have long studied how small changes in choice environments affect human decisions. (A) Imagine a cafeteria where a healthy salad sits at eye level while fried snacks rest on a low shelf. Nobody is forbidden from choosing the snacks, yet most people quietly pick the salad instead. This simple technique illustrates a nudge, a concept from behavioral economics that gently guides people toward better choices without restricting their freedom. (B) Unlike strict regulations or heavy taxes, nudges rely on subtle changes in design rather than force. Critics argue nudges alone cannot solve large environmental problems, but combined with stronger policies, they can meaningfully shift everyday habits toward sustainability. (C) Companies and governments increasingly apply nudges to encourage sustainable consumption. For example, some hotels print reminders on towels stating that most guests reuse them, which persuades new guests to do the same and save water. Similarly, energy bills that compare a household's usage with that of efficient neighbors often lead people to reduce electricity use.

주어진 문장: This heightened sensitivity can manifest in a variety of noticeable ways. In recent years, mental health experts have identified a distinct emotional response to environmental crisis, commonly called eco-anxiety. ( ① ) Eco-anxiety describes persistent worry, grief, or fear triggered by awareness of climate change and its consequences for the future. ( ② ) Although people of all ages can experience it, teenagers and young adults seem especially vulnerable, since they anticipate living through decades of worsening conditions. ( ③ ) Common symptoms include difficulty sleeping, a sense of hopelessness, and guilt over ordinary choices such as travel or diet. ( ④ ) For example, some students report feeling paralyzed whenever they read alarming climate news, unable to focus on schoolwork or hobbies. ( ⑤ ) However, experts emphasize that eco-anxiety is not a disorder to be eliminated but a natural reaction that can be channeled productively. Rather than avoiding the topic, young people are encouraged to join community projects, since taking constructive action tends to restore a sense of control and ease overwhelming distress.

주어진 문장: We appreciate your effort in advance and look forward to celebrating a truly green festival together. Attention, students! Our school festival is going green this year, and we truly need your help. ① This event aims to reduce the disposable waste that usually piles up during the celebration. ② First, please bring your own cup, plate, and utensils to every food booth you visit. Second, each booth should use reusable decorations rather than paper banners that get thrown away within hours. ③ Students who join as Green Helpers will manage the recycling stations, sorting cans, bottles, and paper carefully all day long. Therefore, everyone's small cooperation will directly lower the amount of trash sent to the landfill. ④ However, single-use plastic bags are strictly prohibited at every booth this year. If your booth needs supplies, please contact the student council office before Friday. Let us work together to create a festival that is both fun and eco-friendly. ⑤

주어진 문장: This is often because their goals are too vague or unrealistic to follow. Many people make new year's resolutions, but few actually achieve them. ( ① ) One helpful method for solving this problem is called SMART goal setting. ( ② ) First, a goal should be specific, describing exactly what you want to do instead of using vague words. ( ③ ) Second, it should be measurable, so you can check your progress with clear numbers. ( ④ ) Third, it should be achievable, fitting your situation without being too difficult to reach. ( ⑤ ) Finally, it should be relevant to your life and time-bound with a clear deadline.

주어진 문장: In the end, these tiny victories combine to create something much bigger than you expected. Many students give up on their New Year goals because the goals feel too big to handle. ( ① ) A more effective approach is to break a large goal into smaller, manageable steps. ( ② ) Instead of focusing on the entire year, try setting a goal for just one week, such as learning twenty new words. ( ③ ) Once you complete that small step, move on to the next one, and gradually build toward the bigger goal. ( ④ ) This method works because small tasks feel achievable, and completing them gives a sense of success, which encourages you to keep going. ( ⑤ ) Starting small is often the smartest way to reach a big dream.

주어진 문장: This difference in regulation can create an uneven playing field between the two factories, since one operates under far tighter restrictions than the other. Imagine two factories making the same product: one in a country with strict carbon rules, and one in a country with almost none. ( ① ) The factory facing stricter rules often spends more, which can make its goods pricier than those made elsewhere. ( ② ) To fix this imbalance, some governments have introduced the carbon border adjustment mechanism, a policy charging imported goods a fee based on how much carbon was released while producing them. ( ③ ) Supporters argue that the system protects domestic industries and pushes foreign manufacturers toward cleaner methods. ( ④ ) However, critics claim it unfairly burdens developing countries, which often lack money to modernize factories quickly. ( ⑤ ) For example, a small exporter in a poorer nation might struggle to pay the added charge, though it contributes little to global emissions. Still, if wealthier nations pair the policy with technical support, it could become a genuinely fair tool for cutting emissions worldwide.

주어진 문장: Word of their success quickly spread beyond the village's borders. A small riverside village had endured severe flooding almost every summer, watching helplessly as rising water damaged homes and destroyed crops year after year. ( ① ) Frustrated residents eventually decided to pursue climate adaptation, adjusting their infrastructure and habits to reduce the damage caused by increasingly unpredictable weather. ( ② ) Engineers widened the drainage canals surrounding the village, allowing excess rainwater to flow away more efficiently instead of pooling in low-lying streets. ( ③ ) Meanwhile, several families whose houses stood in the most vulnerable areas relocated to higher ground, even though leaving their long-time homes was emotionally difficult. The village also installed an early warning system that sent alerts to residents' phones whenever river levels rose dangerously fast. ( ④ ) When a powerful storm struck three years later, the new measures proved effective, and the village suffered only minor damage instead of the devastating losses it had previously faced. ( ⑤ ) Their resilience became a model for neighboring communities.