영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

On the first day of winter break, my friend Yuna and I sat in a cafe and talked about the new year ahead. Instead of ①making separate plans, we decided to write our goals together on one sheet of paper. Yuna wanted ②improving her English speaking, while I wanted to wake up earlier every morning. We agreed ③to text each other every night to report what we had done that day. Yuna, ④who noticed my short replies, called me instead of just texting. Because we supported each other through difficult moments, both of us ⑤successfully reached our goals by spring.

A few years ago, spotting a manipulated video ①required a trained eye and specialized software. Today, freely available applications allow almost anyone ②to swap a face or fabricate a voice convincingly enough to fool casual viewers within minutes. This shift has quietly undermined one of the oldest assumptions in human communication: that seeing and hearing something ③are a reasonably reliable way to confirm it happened. Journalists now face the burden of ④verifying footage that once would have been accepted as self-evident proof. Perhaps more troubling than any single fake video is the broader effect on public trust, in which genuine footage can ⑤be dismissed as fabricated simply because deepfakes exist.

Anyone designing a presentation, a curriculum, or a grocery list should attend to a well-documented pattern in human memory known as the serial position effect. When people are asked to recall items from a list right after studying it, they ①consistently remember the items presented at the beginning and end far better than those buried in the middle. The advantage for early items, called the primacy effect, arises because those items receive ②less rehearsal and are more likely to be transferred into long-term storage before subsequent items compete for attention. The advantage for final items, known as the recency effect, occurs because those items remain ③accessible in short-term memory at the moment of recall. Middle items suffer because they must compete for ④limited rehearsal opportunities while lacking the stability afforded by extended processing. Communicators who ignore this pattern risk burying their most important point where it will predictably be forgotten. A more effective strategy, therefore, places the crucial message at the beginning or end, precisely where memory proves most ⑤reliable.

Many people believe that building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more ①easily when a behavior itself becomes simple to perform. His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt occur together. When motivation is ②low, the model suggests, the task must be made extremely ③difficult, or it will not happen at all. For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of ④least effort, since people naturally choose the option requiring the least energy. A student who wants to read more might leave a book open on the desk rather than setting a vague goal. By lowering the required effort, people reduce the ability barrier and make steady action far more ⑤achievable.

Last spring, Minji joined a new club at her school called the Green Runners. Every Saturday morning, the members jog around the neighborhood park while picking up trash. This activity, called plogging, combines jogging with cleaning up litter from the streets. At first, Minji felt embarrassed to pick up garbage in front of other people. However, _______________. For example, the group collected more than twenty bags of trash during their first month together. Picking up litter while running is like turning an ordinary workout into a meaningful mission. Minji's legs grew tired, but her heart felt proud after every session. Now, she encourages her friends, who used to tease her, to join the club as well. Minji believes that small habits, practiced together, can change a whole community.

The rapid rise of the gig economy has led researchers to examine both its opportunities and its risks. (A) In addition, because their income depends heavily on the number of tasks completed, many gig workers find it difficult to save money consistently. (B) On the positive side, gig platforms allow workers to set their own schedules and take on projects that match their skills. (C) Yet this freedom comes at a price, since most gig workers are not entitled to employer-provided benefits like health insurance.

주어진 문장: Recognizing this complexity is the first step toward more responsible journalism. The framing effect describes how people respond differently to the same information depending on how it is presented, even when the underlying facts remain unchanged. ( ① ) When news outlets describe climate change primarily as a looming crisis, filled with images of disasters and warnings of irreversible damage, audiences often react with fear or, paradoxically, with hopeless resignation. ( ② ) In contrast, when the same issue is framed as an opportunity, emphasizing innovative technologies and emerging green jobs, readers tend to feel more motivated to act and support policy change. ( ③ ) Neither framing alone tells the complete story, since climate change genuinely involves both serious risks and promising solutions. ( ④ ) Therefore, journalists who rely too heavily on either extreme risk distorting public understanding and discouraging meaningful engagement. ( ⑤ ) A balanced approach, which honestly presents dangers while highlighting realistic paths forward, is far more likely to sustain long-term public attention and inspire lasting action.

주어진 문장: Not everyone, however, feels this financial burden equally, since household circumstances vary widely. The term green premium describes the extra cost that consumers must pay when they choose an environmentally friendly product or energy source over a conventional, cheaper alternative. ( ① ) For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. ( ② ) This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. ( ③ ) In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. ( ④ ) To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. ( ⑤ ) As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

주어진 문장: These habits include the way we use light, water, and electronic devices every day. Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases that warm our planet, much like footprints left in wet sand. ① These marks, often called our carbon footprint, come from small choices such as driving, eating, and using electricity. ② Many students think that only large factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. ③ For example, turning off lights when leaving a room reduces the energy that power plants must produce. ④ Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also lowers the amount of gas released into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. ⑤ Therefore, students who practice these simple habits regularly can shrink their footprint significantly. Small daily choices, repeated over time, become powerful tools for protecting the environment we all share.

주어진 문장: This growing academic attention reflects how seriously the issue is now being taken. As companies collect enormous amounts of personal data to improve their products and target advertisements, serious ethical questions have emerged about how that information should be handled. ( ① ) Employees who work with big data now face responsibilities that previous generations rarely encountered, since a single careless decision can expose millions of people's private information. ( ② ) Some argue that strict regulations should govern data collection, even if such rules slow innovation and increase costs for businesses. ( ③ ) Others insist that self-regulation within companies, guided by clear ethical training, can protect consumers just as effectively without stifling progress. ( ④ ) Most experts agree that professionals handling sensitive data must be trained not only in technical skills but also in ethical decision-making. ( ⑤ ) Universities have begun adding data ethics courses to computer science programs, recognizing that future employees will need to balance innovation with responsibility.