영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Jiho had always assumed he would join a large corporation after graduation, just as his parents expected. During his final year of university, however, he joined a small student team ①building an app that connected local farmers directly with restaurants. What started as a class project gradually ②turned into something more serious, as several restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. Jiho and his teammates decided ③to delay job applications and instead spend a year developing the idea, despite warnings from relatives ④who considered the plan too risky. After nearly failing twice, the team secured a small investment that allowed them ⑤hire their first employee.

Many companies now advertise themselves as environmentally responsible, yet a growing number of these claims ①turn out to be misleading. This practice, known as greenwashing, ②occurs when a business spends more effort marketing its products as eco-friendly than actually reducing environmental harm. A company might launch a recycled-packaging line while ③continuing to pollute rivers through its main factories, creating a false impression of genuine change. Such tactics deceive well-intentioned consumers who wish to shop responsibly but ④lacks the tools to verify corporate claims. In contrast, truly sustainable businesses publish detailed, independently verified data about their emissions and supply chains, ⑤allowing outsiders to check their progress.

For decades, productivity advice has focused almost entirely on ①managing time efficiently, yet many experts now argue this approach overlooks something important. This alternative approach, ②known as energy management, suggests that controlling personal energy matters more than controlling the clock. Unlike time, which flows at a constant rate, human energy naturally rises and falls in cycles ③shaped by sleep, food, and mental fatigue. A person who tackles difficult tasks during a low-energy period, for instance, may need two hours ④to finish what takes thirty minutes at peak energy. Similarly, someone who forces themselves to keep working without rest often ⑤produce careless mistakes that require additional time to correct later.

Our film club spent an entire semester making a five-minute short film, and I was startled to learn just how little of that time was actually spent filming. We wrote and rewrote the script for nearly a month, then spent another two weeks drawing simple storyboards to plan every camera angle before a single scene was recorded. Filming itself took only two Saturday afternoons, yet editing the footage afterward ①consumed nearly six additional weeks, as we combed through hours of raw clips to choose the handful of seconds that actually made it into the final version. Our advisor warned us early on that amateur filmmakers usually ②overestimate editing the most, assuming that a good script and decent camera work will carry a film on their own. By the time our short film premiered at the school festival, I understood that the visible five minutes represented only a small ③fraction of the invisible work that had shaped it, work that had involved ④countless small decisions no audience member would ever directly ⑤notice.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they face a question philosophers have debated for decades: should a crashing vehicle protect its own passenger, or minimize total harm even at the passenger's expense? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This suggests that _______________. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions.

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, the two groups serve very different purposes. (A) Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion. (B) The student council is an official body that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival and collect opinions from each class before making decisions. (C) A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared interest, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members enjoy.

주어진 문장: Creating a convincing avatar, in other words, is far more complex than simply choosing a picture. The metaverse, a network of interconnected virtual worlds, has begun to generate job opportunities that did not exist just a few years ago. ( ① ) Companies now hire virtual world designers who build digital environments where users can socialize, shop, or attend events. Avatar designers create digital identities that represent users within these spaces, blending artistic skill with technical programming knowledge. ( ② ) Meanwhile, virtual event planners organize concerts, conferences, and product launches entirely within online platforms, reaching audiences that would be impossible to gather in person. ( ③ ) Some analysts remain skeptical, pointing out that the metaverse has not yet attracted the massive user base that early predictions promised. ( ④ ) Nevertheless, major companies continue investing heavily in this technology. ( ⑤ ) For students considering future careers, gaining skills in three-dimensional design and coding may prove valuable.

주어진 문장: Fortunately, this cycle is not impossible to reverse. An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly exposed to opinions that already match their own beliefs. ( ① ) This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to recommend content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. ( ② ) As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber rarely engage with viewpoints that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. ( ③ ) For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely unreasonable, having never seriously considered its arguments. ( ④ ) Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often linked to this pattern of selective exposure. ( ⑤ ) Breaking out of an echo chamber requires deliberately seeking information from diverse sources, even when those sources present uncomfortable or unfamiliar ideas.

Storing a damp umbrella in a closed bag can cause mold and a bad smell. During the rainy season, umbrellas and raincoats become essential items for daily life. ( ① ) After using a wet umbrella, open it fully and let it dry in a well-ventilated place before folding it again. ( ② ) Raincoats should also be hung up to dry completely before being put away. ( ③ ) It is helpful to wipe off dirt and mud with a soft cloth, since dirt left on the fabric can damage the waterproof coating. ( ④ ) In addition, check the umbrella's frame regularly for rust or broken parts. ( ⑤ ) Taking care of these simple items will help you stay dry all season long.

Critics note a further irony: when something goes wrong, such as a hacked exchange or a lost password, there is often no institution left to appeal to. Blockchain technology was originally promoted as a way to remove the need for trusted middlemen, allowing strangers to exchange value directly and verify transactions through a shared, tamper-resistant ledger. ( ① ) In theory, this design distributes power away from any single institution and toward the network as a whole. ( ② ) In practice, however, a small number of large players have come to dominate many blockchain networks. ( ③ ) They control enough computing power or currency to influence outcomes that were supposed to be decided collectively. ( ④ ) Whether decentralization can survive this concentration of power remains one of the technology's most unresolved questions. ( ⑤ )