영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data ①to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue ②turns into an actual injury. Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with ③help them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. Sports scientists note an important caveat, however: a wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail ④available in a professional lab, so its suggestions should be treated as a helpful guideline rather than an infallible medical judgment, particularly for anyone ⑤managing a chronic health condition.

문제 2

Planning a multi-city trip once meant hours ①spent comparing flight schedules, reading hotel reviews, and mapping out which sights were close enough to visit in a single day. AI travel planners now compress much of that work into a short conversation, ②asking about a budget, a travel style, and a handful of preferences before generating a full day-by-day itinerary within minutes. The tool draws on enormous amounts of data, including flight prices, seasonal weather patterns, and reviews ③leaving by previous travelers, to suggest a route that avoids obvious scheduling conflicts. Many travelers appreciate ④having a solid starting point rather than a blank page. Still, seasoned travelers warn that these itineraries can feel oddly generic, often ⑤steering users toward the same popular landmarks.

문제 3

Sociologist William Ogburn observed that when a society undergoes technological change, its material culture, meaning tools and inventions, tends ①to advance faster than its nonmaterial culture, meaning norms, laws, and values. He termed the resulting gap cultural lag, ②describing the friction that appears when institutions have not yet caught up with new technological realities. The rise of the automobile, for instance, ③transforming daily mobility long before traffic laws, insurance systems, and urban planning fully adapted to the risks it introduced. A contemporary example can be found in genetic testing, which now ④allows individuals to learn detailed information about inherited disease risk. Cultural lag theory reminds us that technological progress is not automatically matched by social progress, and that the resulting gap can produce confusion until laws and customs eventually ⑤adjust to new material conditions.

문제 4

Last summer, our neighborhood association invited students to help paint a mural on the long wall beside the community center, and nearly forty volunteers with completely different painting abilities showed up on the first day. I worried that combining so many different skill levels would create an ①ugly, mismatched result, since some volunteers had painted for years while others, including me, had never held a large brush before. The project leader solved this by dividing the huge design into small, connected sections and assigning each volunteer a section matched to their ②comfort level, from simple solid-color backgrounds to detailed flowers. Beginners filled in wide open skies, while experienced painters added fine details like veins on leaves or shadows under birds. When the plastic sheets finally came down, the mural looked remarkably ③unified, not despite the many different hands involved, but because each hand had been given a task ④unrelated to what it could do well, which made the ⑤collaboration feel effortless in the end.

문제 5

Travelers who cross several time zones in a single flight often arrive feeling ①exhausted, foggy, and strangely out of sync with the local clock. The discomfort arises because the body's internal clock, which governs sleep, hunger, and alertness, continues to run on the schedule of the departure city even after landing. ②Realigning this internal clock to a new time zone is not instantaneous; researchers estimate that the body typically needs about one day to adjust for every time zone crossed. Flying eastward tends to produce more ③severe symptoms than flying westward, because advancing the internal clock forward is generally harder for the body than delaying it. Exposure to natural light at the right moments after arrival can help ④speed up the adjustment, since light is the strongest external cue the internal clock uses to reset itself. Without such adjustments, travelers may continue to experience disrupted sleep and reduced concentration for ⑤several minutes after a long international flight.

문제 6

Consider a large heap containing ten thousand grains of sand. (A) Something has clearly gone wrong along the way, since no reasonable person would call one grain of sand a heap, but pinpointing exactly which single removal transformed a heap into a non-heap seems impossible. (B) Nearly everyone agrees that removing a single grain from such a heap leaves another heap behind, since surely one grain could never make the difference between a heap and a non-heap. (C) Yet if this principle is applied repeatedly, grain by grain, the heap eventually shrinks to a single lonely grain, or even to no grains at all, and logic alone seems to force us to accept that this final result still counts as a heap.

문제 7

Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently. Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. ( ① ) Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence, whether it involves bouncing a basketball a fixed number of times or taking a particular number of practice swings, serves a genuine cognitive purpose. ( ② ) Repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt narrows an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts about outcome or crowd noise and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. ( ③ ) The routine essentially functions as a trigger, cuing the body to shift automatically into a familiar, well-rehearsed state. ( ④ ) For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks. ( ⑤ )

문제 8

The key distinction lies entirely in intensity: active recovery is not a second workout in disguise but a deliberately gentle session designed to support, rather than compete with, the body's underlying repair mechanisms. After an especially demanding training session, the instinct to collapse onto a couch and remain motionless is understandable, yet exercise physiologists increasingly recommend the opposite approach. ( ① ) Active recovery involves performing low-intensity movement, such as a light jog, an easy swim, or a gentle bike ride, on days following intense exertion rather than resting completely. ( ② ) This gentle activity keeps blood circulating through tired muscles, which appears to help clear metabolic byproducts that accumulate during hard exercise more efficiently than complete stillness does. ( ③ ) Some athletes worry that any movement at all will interfere with the repair process. ( ④ ) Research suggests, however, that truly light activity, kept well below the intensity of the original workout, does not meaningfully slow healing and may even reduce the perceived soreness that follows a hard session. ( ⑤ )

문제 9

In response, some platforms have begun inserting occasional wildcard suggestions that are deliberately unrelated to past viewing habits. After a viewer finishes an episode, a streaming service rarely leaves the choice of what to watch next entirely up to chance. ( ① ) Instead, a recommendation algorithm compares that viewer's habits with patterns drawn from millions of other users who watched similar content, then ranks thousands of titles in order of predicted interest. ( ② ) This approach keeps viewers engaged far longer than a simple list of new releases ever could, which is precisely why streaming companies invest so heavily in refining it. ( ③ ) The system is not without drawbacks, however. Because the algorithm favors titles similar to what a viewer already enjoys, it can quietly narrow someone's exposure to unfamiliar genres, directors, or cultures, creating a comfortable but repetitive bubble. ( ④ ) These wildcard picks are meant to counteract this narrowing effect and keep recommendations from becoming too predictable. ( ⑤ )

문제 10

In short, an effective fueling plan treats carbohydrate loading as one tool among many, not a substitute for well-rounded nutrition. In the days leading up to an endurance event, many athletes deliberately increase their carbohydrate intake while reducing training volume, a practice known as carbohydrate loading. ( ① ) The strategy is designed to maximize the amount of glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate, packed into muscle tissue before competition begins. ( ② ) Because glycogen serves as the primary fuel source during prolonged, intense exercise, entering an event with fuller stores can delay the point of exhaustion that runners often call hitting the wall. ( ③ ) Sports nutritionists caution, however, that the timing and composition of meals matter as much as the total quantity of carbohydrate consumed, since eating unfamiliar foods immediately before competition can cause digestive discomfort. Athletes are therefore advised to practice their nutrition strategy during training rather than experimenting with it for the first time on race day. ( ④ ) Beyond carbohydrates, adequate protein and micronutrient intake throughout the training cycle remains essential, since fueling strategy is only one part of a much larger nutritional picture. ( ⑤ )

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