영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

When a resource is shared among many users, none of whom bears the full cost of its depletion, _______________. This dynamic, famously labeled the tragedy of the commons, describes how shared pastures and fisheries can be degraded even when every participant privately understands the danger of overuse. A single herder who adds one more animal to a communal pasture gains the entire benefit of that addition, whereas the resulting damage to the grass is shared among other herders who depend on the land. Because self-interest offers no incentive to restrain consumption unilaterally, the resource tends to be exhausted long before any user intends such an outcome. For decades, economists assumed that only two remedies existed: strict regulation or the conversion of shared resources into private property. Elinor Ostrom challenged this assumption, however, by documenting communities that had sustainably managed fisheries and forests for generations through locally devised rules and mutual monitoring rather than external control.

Climate scientists frequently warn about tipping points, _______________. Unlike gradual warming, which unfolds steadily over decades, crossing a tipping point can produce dramatic consequences within a short period. For instance, as Arctic ice melts, it exposes darker ocean water that absorbs more sunlight than reflective ice, accelerating further melting in a self-reinforcing cycle. Similarly, scientists worry that a major ocean current, which currently redistributes heat across the planet, could slow dramatically if enough freshwater from melting glaciers dilutes the surrounding seawater. Once such thresholds are crossed, restoring the original balance may become nearly impossible, even if emissions are later reduced. Therefore, researchers argue that preventing these transitions matters more than merely slowing average temperature increases. Identifying how close each system stands to its threshold remains one of the most urgent challenges in climate research.

Writing a personal statement can feel overwhelming, but a few simple strategies make the process easier. First, avoid simply listing your achievements; instead, explain what each experience taught you and how it shaped your goals. Second, use specific examples rather than vague statements, since details make your story more convincing and memorable. Third, keep your tone honest and natural, because reviewers can easily notice writing that sounds forced or overly formal. Remember that a personal statement is not simply a list of accomplishments; it is a chance to ___________.

Many people give up on their new year's resolutions within just a few days, and psychologists explain that this happens mainly because of _______________. First, willpower is like a muscle that becomes tired after being used too much, so people often run out of self-control by the end of a busy day. Second, many resolutions are unrealistic from the beginning, since people set goals that are far too difficult to reach in a short time. Third, most resolutions do not offer any immediate reward, so people find it hard to stay motivated without seeing fast results.

Setting a career plan early in high school offers several important benefits. First, having a general direction helps students choose subjects and activities that support their goals. Second, a plan gives students a sense of purpose, which can make schoolwork feel more meaningful. However, an effective career plan should remain flexible, since interests and circumstances often change during the teenage years. Career counselors therefore recommend reviewing a plan every few months and adjusting it based on new experiences. In this way, careful planning does not limit a student's future; instead, it provides ___________.

Long before social media existed, people naturally clustered into groups based on shared traits. (A) These algorithms track patterns such as shared interests, mutual friends, and browsing habits to recommend new connections. (B) Neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces often reflected this tendency, as individuals gravitated toward others who resembled themselves. (C) Today, however, this same tendency operates through recommendation algorithms built into social media platforms.

Most students only see the final result, a few smooth minutes each morning. Behind that short program, however, broadcasting club members follow a busy daily routine. (A) At exactly eight o'clock, the red light turns on, and the live broadcast begins. During class hours, however, most members return to their regular classroom lessons like everyone else. (B) Members arrive at school thirty minutes earlier than other students to prepare the studio. They check the microphones, the cameras, and the lighting before anyone else arrives. Meanwhile, the script team finalizes the news script that was written the night before. Once everything is ready, the anchors practice their lines one last time. (C) After school, the club meets again to review that morning's recording and discuss any mistakes. Through this daily routine, members slowly learn skills such as teamwork and quick thinking under pressure.

주어진 문장: Still, reading six books was better than the year before, and I felt proud of that small progress. Last New Year's Day, I wrote three goals in my diary: reading more books, exercising regularly, and saving money for a bicycle. ( ① ) Today, exactly one year later, I opened that old page and smiled at how much had changed. ( ② ) I did not finish all twelve books I had planned to read. ( ③ ) My exercise habit became the biggest surprise, since jogging twice a week slowly became an almost daily morning habit. ( ④ ) Saving money was harder than I expected, since unexpected expenses kept appearing. ( ⑤ ) Looking back, I realized that steady effort matters more than reaching every goal exactly as planned.

However, even confident swimmers can get into trouble in open water. Summer is the best time to enjoy swimming pools, rivers, and beaches with family and friends. ( ① ) First, always swim in areas that are supervised by a lifeguard, and never swim alone, even if you are a strong swimmer. ( ② ) It is also important to check the weather and water conditions before entering the water, since strong currents and sudden storms can appear without warning. ( ③ ) Wearing a life jacket in open water is essential, especially for children and beginners. ( ④ ) Taking regular breaks during long swims helps prevent exhaustion. ( ⑤ ) Learning basic rescue skills is another good habit that could help you save a life someday.

주어진 문장: This fear of missing out, often shortened to FOMO, drives many shoppers to act faster than they normally would. Limited-edition products are goods that are released in small quantities for a short period of time. ( ① ) Many companies use this strategy because scarcity naturally increases how much people desire an item. ( ② ) When consumers believe that a product will disappear soon, they often feel pressured to buy it immediately rather than wait. ( ③ ) For instance, a sneaker company that releases only a few thousand pairs of a special design can generate long lines outside stores overnight. ( ④ ) However, this psychological pressure can lead to purchases that are driven by fear rather than genuine need. ( ⑤ ) As a result, some shoppers later regret spending money on products they rarely use afterward.