영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

When temperatures drop below freezing overnight, an invisible layer of black ice can form on sidewalks ①that look perfectly dry, catching even careful walkers off guard. Unlike a visibly icy patch, black ice reflects almost no light and blends into ordinary pavement, which is why so many falls happen on stretches that pedestrians ②would never suspect. Orthopedic doctors report a sharp rise in wrist and hip injuries every winter, most of them ③causing not by dramatic slips on icy hills but by a single unexpected step near a bus stop or a doorway. Walking with shorter, flatter steps and keeping the hands free rather than in pockets can ④help a person regain balance quickly if a foot suddenly slides. Choosing shoes with textured rubber soles rather than smooth ones also makes a difference, since even a small increase in grip can ⑤prevent a fall before it begins.

문제 2

Dear residents, we are writing to explain how ①to separate food waste correctly in our building. Many people still throw food waste into the general trash, ②which causes bad smells. Therefore, this notice describes the exact steps you should follow every day. First, please use the special yellow bin near the parking lot for all food scraps. Fruit peels, vegetable ends, and leftover rice belong in this bin, not in a plastic bag. However, hard items such as eggshells and bones must go into the general trash instead. In addition, please drain excess liquid from your food waste before ③throwing it away. This simple habit, ④which only takes a few seconds, keeps the area clean and dry. For example, tea bags should never ⑤being placed in the food waste bin. Thank you for helping our neighborhood stay pleasant.

문제 3

When Mina was a freshman, she often ①spent her allowance within a few days. Her older cousin told her about the marshmallow experiment, a famous study ②in which children could eat one marshmallow immediately or wait for two. Researchers found that children who waited longer ③shown better academic performance and self-control years later. Inspired by the study, Mina began ④saving half of her allowance each week instead of spending it all on snacks. After three months, however, she had saved enough to buy a bicycle she had ⑤wanted for over a year.

문제 4

Prospect theory proposes that the subjective value of money is not a straight line but a curved function, ①differing sharply from the assumptions of classical economic models. In the domain of gains, the function bends downward as amounts ②increase, so the psychological difference between earning zero and one hundred dollars feels far greater than between earning one thousand and eleven hundred. A parallel pattern appears among losses, where the curve ③bend in the opposite direction, yet sensitivity still fades as the amount grows larger. This tendency, ④known as diminishing sensitivity, explains why a shopper barely notices a ten dollar increase on a two thousand dollar purchase. Researchers illustrate this curvature with graphs ⑤shaped like an S turned sideways, sloping gently near the center and flattening toward both extremes.

문제 5

Traditional industrial systems have relied on a linear model of production, in which raw materials ①are extracted, transformed into goods, and eventually discarded as waste. This approach treats natural resources as if unlimited and disposal as if costless. A circular economy proposes an alternative framework in which materials ②is kept in continuous use through reuse, repair, and recycling, thereby reducing the extraction of virgin resources. Central to this model is the notion that waste, rather than ③being an inevitable byproduct, can be redesigned as a resource for another process, much as fallen leaves nourish the trees that shed them. For example, manufacturers design products so that components can be disassembled and ④reused in new items once their original function ends. Some companies also lease equipment instead of selling it outright, ⑤retaining responsibility for refurbishment.

문제 6

Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work ①expands to fill the time available for its completion. According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. Students who set ②vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already ③complete. Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far ④more effort. This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can ⑤counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window.

문제 7

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt ①overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ②strengthens the friction that usually stops people from beginning. Some nights he stopped after that single page, but most nights, once started, he kept reading for twenty or thirty minutes without ③noticing. Because the initial barrier became so small, sitting down no longer felt like a ④burden requiring willpower. Within three months, Jian had finished five books, proving that reducing friction can matter more than ⑤motivation itself.

문제 8

The science club at Hanul High School is running a project called "Grow Light." It tests how different colors of light affect plant growth. (A) However, the results showed that plants under red light grew noticeably faster than the others. The club's advisor explained this by comparing light to food, since plants absorb certain colors of light more efficiently than others. (B) To make the data reliable, students repeat each trial three times and calculate the average, keeping a shared notebook of conditions. Next month, the club plans to present these findings at the school science fair. (C) Each week, members place identical bean sprouts under red, blue, and white light and record their height. At first, many students expected the white light to produce the tallest plants.

문제 9

Hospitals are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence tools that can scan medical images and flag potential tumors faster than experienced radiologists. (A) The doctor may argue that they simply trusted a tool the hospital required them to use, while the hospital may blame the software company instead. (B) Yet the growing reliance on these tools raises an uncomfortable legal question: when an AI system misses a diagnosis, who is responsible? (C) Until legal systems clarify this chain of responsibility, patients harmed by an algorithmic error may find themselves with no clear party to hold accountable.

문제 10

At that distant point in time, the future increase feels almost costless, since no immediate sacrifice is required. One practical application of hyperbolic discounting involves a savings program that gradually raises an employee's contribution rate over several years. ( ① ) Employees are first asked to commit, well in advance, to increasing their savings rate at a specific future date, often timed to coincide with an expected salary raise. ( ② ) Because the commitment applies only to a point far in the future, the vast majority of employees readily agree to the plan. ( ③ ) When the scheduled date finally arrives, the increase takes effect automatically unless the employee actively opts out, and remarkably few do. ( ④ ) The program succeeds precisely because it separates the decision from the discomfort, asking employees to commit when the cost feels abstract rather than immediate. ( ⑤ ) In this way, a well-timed program can help individuals overcome the very bias that would otherwise prevent them from saving adequately for the future.