영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many students imagine a librarian simply ①sit behind a desk and stamping books. Ms. Han, who has worked at a school library for over ten years, says that image is far from accurate. A large part of her job ②involves choosing which new books to buy, based on both student requests and current trends in youth literature. She also spends hours training students to search databases and judge whether an online source ③is trustworthy, a skill she considers just as important as reading itself. According to Ms. Han, the most rewarding moment is not organizing shelves but watching a student who once avoided reading finally ask for a second book in the same series. She admits that budgets are often tight and that new technology keeps ④changing how libraries operate. Still, she insists that the core purpose of her job has never ⑤changed.

Political philosophers have long debated how much authority, if any, a government may ①legitimate claim over free individuals. Robert Nozick imagined a hypothetical starting point in which people live without any state at all, each relying on private arrangements to protect their own person and property. He argued that a minimal state, limited strictly to enforcing contracts and protecting citizens from violence, theft, and fraud, could ②arise gradually through a series of voluntary exchanges, without anyone's rights ever being violated along the way. Critics on one side, the anarchists, insist that even this minimal government inevitably ③violates the rights of those who never consented to join it. Critics on the other side argue that a state limited to bare protection cannot ④address deeper inequalities that arise naturally in any free market. Nozick's thought experiment therefore sits at the center of an unresolved argument about where legitimate political authority actually ⑤begins.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter challenged a common assumption when he found that job seekers were more likely ①to hear about new opportunities from casual acquaintances than from close friends and family. This finding, ②published as the strength of weak ties, rests on a structural insight: close friends tend to belong to the same tight social circle and therefore already share most of the same information, whereas casual acquaintances typically move in different circles and can act as bridges to information a person would otherwise never ③encounter. Weak ties, precisely because they connect otherwise separate networks, ④transmitting novel information more efficiently than the redundant, overlapping ties within a tightly bonded group. Granovetter's insight has since been applied well beyond job searches, ⑤informing research on how innovations spread and how epidemics travel through a population.

Social unrest does not always emerge from the poorest conditions; it frequently erupts when circumstances are improving but not quickly enough to satisfy ①rising expectations. This paradox lies at the heart of relative deprivation theory, which holds that discontent arises less from objective hardship than from a ②perceived gap between what people expect and what they actually receive. Political scientist Ted Gurr illustrated the pattern with what is often called the J-curve: revolutions tend to follow a period of sustained improvement that is then followed by a sudden ③reversal, leaving citizens feeling suddenly cheated of gains they had come to regard as their due. Because the theory centers on perception rather than raw statistics, it helps explain why relatively prosperous societies can experience ④intense protest while societies mired in long-standing poverty sometimes remain comparatively ⑤turbulent, having adjusted their expectations to match a bleak and unchanging reality.

A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual. When the device detects signs of overtraining, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. Sports scientists note an important caveat, however: _______________.

A growing number of teenagers are joining book clubs that exist only on their phones. These apps let users track pages, write short reviews, and join group chats about a chosen book. The apps also use gentle reminders and reading streaks to keep members motivated. However, a few teachers worry that constant notifications from a reading app can pull attention away from the book itself. Despite this concern, many students report that _______________.

The human gut hosts trillions of microorganisms whose combined genetic material outnumbers that of the human genome itself many times over. (A) A microbiome disrupted by antibiotics, poor diet, or chronic stress can leave the gut lining more permeable than it should be, allowing substances to leak into the bloodstream that would normally stay contained. (B) Once dismissed as passive hitchhikers, these bacteria are now understood to actively shape digestion, regulate immune responses, and even influence the production of chemicals that affect mood and behavior. (C) Researchers studying this connection have found that transplanting gut bacteria from a healthy donor into a patient can relieve symptoms of certain digestive disorders, though the microbiome varies enormously between individuals, so a treatment that helps one person's gut may do little for someone else's.

Philosopher Jeremy Bentham designed the panopticon, a prison structure in which a central watchtower allows a single guard to observe every cell, while inmates can never determine whether they are actually being watched at any given moment. (A) Foucault extended this logic beyond prisons to schools, hospitals, and workplaces, suggesting that modern institutions increasingly rely on continuous, often invisible observation rather than physical force to maintain order. (B) French theorist Michel Foucault later transformed this architectural idea into a broader theory of power, arguing that the mere possibility of being observed is often sufficient to produce obedient behavior. (C) Contemporary scholars have applied Foucault's framework to digital surveillance, arguing that smartphones and workplace monitoring software recreate panoptic conditions on a vastly larger scale.

Simply naming these warning signs, however, does not guarantee that a child will know how to react in the moment. Teaching children to be cautious around strangers used to rely mainly on a single blunt warning: never talk to people you do not know. ( ① ) Child safety experts now argue that this advice is too simple to be useful, since most children will inevitably need to interact with unfamiliar adults, whether asking a store employee for help or greeting a new neighbor. ( ② ) A more effective approach focuses on specific situations rather than people in general, teaching children to recognize behavior that feels wrong, such as an adult asking a child to keep a secret from parents or offering a reason to get into a car alone. ( ③ ) Role-playing these scenarios in advance helps children respond quickly under pressure, rather than freezing because the situation feels unfamiliar and confusing. ( ④ ) Experts also emphasize that children should be taught they will never get in trouble for refusing an adult's request or for loudly saying no in public. ( ⑤ ) This is because hesitation caused by politeness can cost precious seconds in a genuine emergency.

In other words, the hardest part of reading is never the reading itself, but the moment just before it begins. Building a reading habit does not usually start with a big decision to read more. ( ① ) It often starts with very small, easy steps. ( ② ) Some students keep a book in their bag so that they always have something to read while waiting for a bus, and others choose a fixed time each day, like right before bed, to read for just ten minutes. ( ③ ) These small routines work because they lower the effort needed to begin. ( ④ ) Once a student sits down and opens a book, continuing to read the next page feels much easier than the first step of starting. Experts also suggest setting a very low daily goal, such as one page, instead of a strict page count that feels like homework. ( ⑤ ) Over weeks, these tiny actions add up, and reading slowly becomes something the student simply does, rather than something the student has to force.