영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Facial recognition software has moved rapidly from airport security lines into shopping malls, schools, and even private apartment buildings, ①promising convenience in exchange for a quick scan of one's face. Proponents note that the technology can unlock doors, catch shoplifters, and speed up identity checks far faster than any human guard ②could manage. Independent studies, however, have repeatedly found that many commercial systems ③performs less accurately on women and people with darker skin tones, a gap that can lead to wrongful identification with serious real-world consequences. Several cities have already reported cases in which an innocent person ④was detained based on a flawed match. Until these systems can prove equally reliable for everyone, deploying them at all represents a form of quiet discrimination ⑤dressed up as efficiency.

Every morning, our broadcasting club airs a short news program for the entire school. Last Tuesday, I was ①chosen to read the weather report for the very first time. My hands were ②shaking as the red light on the camera turned on. Halfway through my sentence, I suddenly forgot the next line completely. For a few seconds, only silence filled the studio, and I could hear my own heartbeat. My partner Minho, ③who was sitting beside me, quickly slid the script closer to me. I took a deep breath and calmly continued reading from where I ④had stopped. Somehow, my voice sounded steadier than I expected, and I ⑤finishing the report smoothly. After the broadcast ended, several classmates told me they had not even noticed the pause. That morning taught me that small mistakes rarely matter as much as we fear.

Imagine a brilliant scientist named Mary who has spent her entire life inside a black-and-white room, learning everything physical science could ever teach about color, including the exact wavelengths of light and the precise neural processes triggered when a person sees red. Despite this complete physical knowledge, Mary herself has never actually seen a color; every book, screen, and object in her world has been carefully restricted to shades of gray. Suppose that one day Mary is finally released from the room and shown a ripe red tomato for the first time. Philosopher Frank Jackson argued that Mary would learn something entirely new at that moment, namely what it actually feels like to see red, even though she already possessed every physical fact about color there was to know beforehand. If Mary genuinely gains new knowledge upon leaving the room, then _______________.

Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, such as lifting heavy parts, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment and fine motor skills. This division of labor ___________, since each side contributes what it does best. Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries and higher worker satisfaction, largely because employees no longer perform exhausting repetitive motions all day.

Carbon neutrality refers to a state in which the amount of greenhouse gases a country or company releases into the atmosphere is balanced by the amount it removes, resulting in zero net emissions. Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action. First, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation. Only after these direct measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to _______________. Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions. Therefore, experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation.

A few years ago, spotting a manipulated video required a trained eye and specialized software. (A) Perhaps more troubling than any single fake video is the broader effect on public trust, sometimes called the liar's dividend, in which genuine footage can be dismissed as fabricated simply because deepfakes exist. (B) Today, freely available applications allow almost anyone to swap a face or fabricate a voice convincingly enough to fool casual viewers within minutes. (C) This shift has quietly undermined one of the oldest assumptions in human communication: that seeing and hearing something is a reliable way to confirm it happened.

Every plastic product carries a small recycling mark, but few students know what these marks mean. (A) Each symbol contains a number that shows what material the item is made of. For instance, the number one usually stands for clear plastic bottles, while the number five represents thicker containers like yogurt cups. (B) Reading these marks is similar to reading nutrition labels on snacks, which tell you exactly what is inside. Without checking the label, you might buy something unhealthy by mistake. (C) Likewise, throwing plastic away without checking its mark can send a reusable item straight to a landfill. Some marks even show that a material cannot be recycled at all, so it must be sorted separately. Therefore, taking a few seconds to check the mark before throwing something away makes recycling far more effective for everyone involved.

Some changes in habit begin not with a big decision but with a quiet moment that lingers in the mind. (A) That changed when her class was assigned a documentary about plastic waste drifting through the ocean, footage she initially expected to find boring. Instead, watching seabirds mistake plastic fragments for food left her strangely unsettled, and she found herself thinking about the assignment long after class ended. (B) The next morning, almost without deciding to, she slipped her old tumbler into her backpack instead of buying a disposable cup on the way to school. It felt like a small, meaningless gesture at first. However, as weeks passed, she realized that consistently choosing the tumbler, declining a plastic straw, and reusing a shopping bag were quietly adding up. Small choices, she discovered, become meaningful once repeated. (C) Until last spring, Minji rarely thought twice about tossing a paper cup into the trash after finishing her coffee. Environmental issues seemed distant, something scientists and politicians should handle rather than an ordinary student like her.

In other words, no single app may intend to expose such sensitive information, but the combination of many small pieces can. Every time a smartphone connects to a cell tower or a Wi-Fi network, it quietly records a data point that can later be pieced together into a detailed map of where its owner has been. ( ① ) Most users agree to this tracking without reading the fine print, assuming that a single company's database poses little threat. ( ② ) The real danger, however, emerges when location data from multiple sources is combined. ( ③ ) A pattern that reveals a person's home, workplace, and daily route can expose far more than any single app ever intended to share, including medical visits or private relationships. ( ④ ) Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly shown otherwise. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: This hesitation can appear even in group settings, where a single cautious voice may delay a decision for everyone. Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. ( ① ) This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. ( ② ) Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. ( ③ ) In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. ( ④ ) For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. ( ⑤ ) Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on designing programs that make the first step feel easy.