영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Building brand loyalty has traditionally been considered one of the most valuable goals in marketing, since loyal customers ①tend to spend more and recommend products to others. Companies invest significant resources in loyalty programs, ②offering points, discounts, and exclusive access to encourage repeat purchases. Genuine loyalty, critics contend, should be earned through consistent quality and honest treatment of customers, not through artificial incentives that merely ③delays a customer's departure. Furthermore, excessive focus on retaining existing customers can cause companies ④to neglect innovation, since they assume loyal buyers will continue purchasing regardless of improvements. Relying solely on loyalty programs without addressing underlying product quality may ultimately ⑤backfire.

Have you ever noticed that an unfinished task ①keeps returning to your mind long after you stopped working? This phenomenon was first noticed by psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik, who saw ②that waiters remembered unpaid orders better than paid ones. Her observation led to what is now called the Zeigarnik effect: people remember incomplete tasks more vividly than ③completed ones. According to this theory, the mind maintains mental tension until a task reaches closure, ④keeping the unfinished task active in memory. Once the task is completed, the tension is released, and the mind ⑤let go of the details.

Choice architecture refers to how decisions are designed. It determines which option is automatically selected unless a person chooses otherwise, known as the default option. Research consistently shows that ___________, even when changing it takes only seconds. Organ donation is a well-known example. Countries where citizens are automatically registered as donors unless they opt out show much higher donation rates than opt-in countries. Retirement savings programs show a similar pattern, since employees automatically enrolled in a pension plan rarely cancel it. Voluntary sign-ups, in contrast, often delay indefinitely. Critics argue that default options can be manipulated to benefit companies rather than individuals, so transparency about how defaults are chosen becomes essential. Still, supporters insist that because some default must always exist, it should support people's own long-term interests rather than mere institutional convenience.

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question once confined to science fiction has suddenly become urgent: who, if anyone, owns the resources of outer space? (A) Some governments have already passed domestic laws granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move other nations view as a unilateral attempt to settle a shared question. (B) Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably little about whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. (C) Supporters of space mining argue that new resources could ease shortages on Earth, while critics warn that treating space as an open frontier for extraction risks repeating past mistakes.

Generation Z is reshaping consumer culture in ways that surprise many traditional marketers. (A) As a result, brands that rely solely on flashy advertising campaigns often struggle to win their loyalty. (B) They tend to research thoroughly before buying and expect companies to demonstrate genuine values, not just attractive slogans. (C) Instead, this generation responds more strongly to transparency and honest communication from the brands they support.

Hospitals are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence tools that can scan medical images and flag potential tumors faster than experienced radiologists. (A) The doctor may argue that they simply trusted a tool the hospital required them to use, while the hospital may blame the software company instead. (B) Yet the growing reliance on these tools raises an uncomfortable legal question: when an AI system misses a diagnosis, who is responsible? (C) Until legal systems clarify this chain of responsibility, patients harmed by an algorithmic error may find themselves with no clear party to hold accountable.

Such shortcuts might seem harmless when nothing goes wrong the first few times. Science labs feel far safer than they actually are, largely because the equipment looks harmless and the experiments are carefully planned by a teacher. ( ① ) This false sense of security leads some students to skip small precautions, such as wearing safety goggles for a "simple" experiment or tasting a substance out of curiosity. ( ② ) Chemical reactions, however, do not distinguish between a professional laboratory and a classroom; a small amount of the wrong substance splashed into an eye can cause permanent damage within seconds, regardless of how basic the experiment seemed. ( ③ ) Teachers repeatedly emphasize reading each instruction before touching any material, since even a familiar-looking chemical can behave unpredictably when combined with something new. ( ④ ) Most laboratory accidents, researchers note, do not happen during advanced or unusual experiments but during routine ones that students have performed many times before. ( ⑤ ) This is precisely because familiarity breeds carelessness rather than caution.

주어진 문장: If Thursday does not work for you either, please let me know so we can find another solution. Dear members of the Debate Club, I am writing to let you know that our regular meeting time has been changed. ① We usually meet in Room 304 every Wednesday after school, but the room will be used for sports day practice next week. ② Instead, our meeting will be held in the library on Thursday at the same time. ③ Please bring the debate topic that you prepared last week, since we will practice our arguments together. ④ If you cannot attend the new meeting time, please reply to this email by Tuesday evening. We also need two volunteers to arrange the chairs and tables before the meeting begins. ⑤ Mr. Park, our club advisor, will join us this time to give feedback on our speaking skills. Thank you for your understanding, and I look forward to seeing everyone on Thursday.

주어진 문장: This constant tracking allows algorithms to build a detailed profile of each user's interests over time. Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. ( ① ) Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. ( ② ) As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each tailored to personal history. ( ③ ) This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever deciding to limit what they see. ( ④ ) Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them. ( ⑤ ) Pariser warned that this invisible curation could weaken democratic debate by narrowing public discussion. Therefore, some experts argue that platforms should reveal how content is filtered, letting users knowingly escape their own bubbles.

주어진 문장: Fortunately, this cycle is not impossible to reverse. An echo chamber refers to an online environment where people are mainly exposed to opinions that already match their own beliefs. ( ① ) This phenomenon occurs because social media algorithms tend to recommend content similar to what users have previously liked or shared, gradually narrowing the range of perspectives they encounter. ( ② ) As a result, individuals inside an echo chamber rarely engage with viewpoints that challenge their existing assumptions, which allows their original beliefs to grow increasingly extreme over time. ( ③ ) For example, someone who frequently reads articles supporting one political party may begin to see the opposing party as entirely unreasonable, having never seriously considered its arguments. ( ④ ) Political polarization, a significant issue in many countries today, is often linked to this pattern of selective exposure. ( ⑤ ) Breaking out of an echo chamber requires deliberately seeking information from diverse sources, even when those sources present uncomfortable or unfamiliar ideas.