영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Generation Z, typically defined as those born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, approaches shopping quite differently from previous generations. ①Having grown up with smartphones and social media, they research products extensively online before making even small purchases. Unlike older generations, ②who often valued brand loyalty above all else, many members of Generation Z prioritize a company's values. They also tend to favor secondhand and resale platforms, ③viewing sustainability as an important factor rather than an afterthought. Peer recommendations ④shared through short videos frequently ⑤carries more weight than traditional celebrity endorsements, since viewers see these creators as relatable rather than distant figures.

When I told my parents I wanted to become a musician, I ①expected them to worry about money and stability. Instead, my father surprised me by ②ask what kind of music made me feel most alive. My mother, ③who had once dreamed of becoming a painter herself, admitted that she still wondered what her life might have looked like. Their honesty made me realize that parents' influence on career choices ④is not always about pressure or control. Their trust gave me the courage ⑤to keep pursuing music seriously.

Jiho had always assumed he would join a large corporation after graduation, just as his parents expected. During his final year of university, however, he joined a small student team building an app that connected local farmers directly with restaurants. What started as a class project gradually turned into something more ①serious, as several restaurants began placing regular orders through their prototype. Jiho and his teammates decided to ②abandon their idea and instead spend a year developing it further, despite warnings from relatives who considered the plan too risky. They worked from a cramped apartment, surviving on ③limited savings while learning skills ranging from coding to negotiating with suppliers. After nearly failing twice, the team secured a small investment that allowed them to hire their first ④employee. Looking back, Jiho believes that the uncertainty of startup life taught him far more about problem-solving than any traditional job could have ⑤offered.

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden. Consequently, some users _______________.

Behavioral economists use the term temporal discounting to describe how people undervalue future rewards simply because those rewards are not immediate. This tendency explains why a student might choose to watch videos tonight rather than study for an exam that remains several weeks away, even though studying offers a greater long-term benefit. A distant reward, no matter how valuable, feels psychologically smaller than a small reward available right now. This bias contributes to procrastination, since future consequences rarely feel urgent enough to motivate immediate action. To counter this tendency, students should convert distant goals into smaller, near-term milestones that feel more emotionally real. Setting weekly checkpoints rather than a final deadline can make future benefits feel closer and more concrete. Teachers and parents should provide immediate, meaningful feedback, since ___________.

Modern consumer culture often assumes that expanding the range of available options will automatically make people freer and happier, yet a growing body of research suggests the opposite may sometimes be true. When individuals select from an enormous set of alternatives, satisfaction with the final choice frequently declines rather than rises, even when the chosen item is objectively excellent. Having considered so many possibilities, a person naturally imagines the specific advantages that a different, unchosen option might have offered, and this imagined comparison quietly erodes contentment with what was actually selected. The paradox, therefore, is that _______________.

As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, since the required skills can differ significantly. Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers. As climate goals become more urgent worldwide, ___________.

The concept of energy management has gained popularity among workplace researchers who study how people sustain productivity throughout the day. (A) For this reason, experts recommend that people identify the hours when they naturally feel most alert and schedule their most demanding tasks during those windows. (B) Unlike time, which passes at the same rate for everyone, personal energy fluctuates throughout the day depending on factors such as sleep and nutrition. (C) Simple or repetitive tasks, on the other hand, can be handled during low-energy periods without much loss in quality.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades: who should the vehicle protect in an unavoidable crash? (A) This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot be settled by public opinion alone. (B) Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should minimize total harm, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. (C) Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

주어진 문장: There is also a third, equally important reason that explains why so many resolutions fail so quickly. Many people give up on their new year's resolutions within just a few days, and psychologists have found several simple reasons for this pattern. ( ① ) First, willpower is like a muscle that becomes tired after being used too much, so people often run out of self-control by the end of a busy day. ( ② ) Second, many resolutions are unrealistic from the beginning, since people set goals that are far too difficult to reach in a short time. ( ③ ) When a goal feels impossible, people quickly lose motivation and stop trying. ( ④ ) Third, most resolutions do not offer any immediate reward. ( ⑤ ) Because the brain prefers quick rewards over distant ones, people find it hard to stay motivated without seeing fast results.