영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Retailers frequently rely on sales events to boost short-term revenue, but the psychology behind these promotions is more complex than simple discounting. When a price is crossed out and replaced with a lower number, consumers instinctively ①perceive the new price as a bargain. This technique, ②known as anchoring, shapes how shoppers judge value by comparing prices rather than evaluating a product on its own merits. Limited-time sales further intensify this effect, since a ticking clock ③encourage rushed decisions that leave little room for careful comparison. Retailers also use phrases such as "while supplies last" to suggest scarcity, even when inventory ④remains plentiful. Over time, frequent sales can actually train customers ⑤to wait for discounts rather than buy at full price.

A single fertilized egg eventually ①gives rise to every cell type in the human body, from neurons to bone, a feat that has fascinated biologists for more than a century. Embryonic stem cells retain much of that original versatility, capable in principle of ②develop into almost any tissue, which is why researchers have long viewed them as a promising raw material for repairing damaged organs. Because harvesting these cells traditionally required ③destroying a human embryo, the research provoked ethical objections fierce enough to slow funding and legislation in several countries for years. A breakthrough arrived when scientists discovered that ordinary adult skin cells could be ④reprogrammed, through the introduction of a handful of specific genes, into a state resembling embryonic versatility without ever touching an embryo. These induced pluripotent cells have not entirely erased the ethical debate, but they have opened a path for stem cell research that far more scientists and funding agencies are willing ⑤to support.

During the hottest weeks of summer, the city operates free cooling centers for anyone ①who needs a break from the heat. These cooling centers, located in community halls and public libraries, ②provided air-conditioned spaces where visitors can rest comfortably. Most cooling centers ③are open from nine in the morning until six in the evening, seven days a week. Visitors can enjoy free drinking water, read newspapers, or ④simply relax in a cool environment. City officials encourage residents ⑤to check the nearest location on the city website before visiting.

This workbook is designed to help you set ①meaningful goals for the new year, so please read the instructions ②carefully before you begin. First, turn to page one and write down one goal you truly want to achieve this year. On page two, break your goal into four smaller monthly steps. If you fall behind schedule, do not simply ③give up; instead, revise your steps in pencil and keep moving forward. At the end of each month, write a short reflection about what worked well and what you might change. Completing this workbook will help you stay ④distracted and turn your goal into a real habit, so make sure to use it ⑤regularly.

Attention, students and teachers! Our school is starting a new campaign called 'Bring Your Own Bag.' Starting next Monday, the school store will no longer offer free plastic bags to customers. Instead, we encourage everyone to bring a reusable shopping bag from home. Plastic bags, which are made from petroleum, take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. In contrast, a cloth bag can be used again and again for many years. Therefore, using a reusable bag is _______________. For example, students who bring their own bags will receive a small sticker as a reward. However, students who forget their bags may still purchase a paper bag for a small fee. We hope every student will join this easy and meaningful campaign. Thank you for helping our school become greener.

Conventional economic wisdom holds that more options are always preferable to fewer. Empirical research on consumer behavior, however, complicates this assumption considerably. When shoppers are presented with an extensive array of choices, they frequently experience heightened anxiety about making the wrong selection and, paradoxically, become less likely to make any purchase or decision at all. Businesses that recognize this dynamic have begun deliberately curating smaller, carefully selected assortments, betting that ___________ can sometimes generate more sales and greater customer satisfaction than abundance.

Many students give up on their New Year goals because the goals feel too big to handle. For example, becoming fluent in English this year sounds exciting, but it can quickly feel overwhelming. A more effective approach is to ___________. Instead of focusing on the entire year, try setting a goal for just one week, such as learning twenty new words. Once you complete that small step, move on to the next one, and gradually build toward the bigger goal.

The SMART method breaks a goal into five simple parts that make it easier to reach. (A) Next, make sure your goal is measurable, so you can track your progress with clear numbers. (B) Finally, add a deadline to your goal, since a time-bound goal pushes you to take action instead of waiting. (C) First, make your goal specific by describing exactly what you want to do rather than using vague words.

After learning that my constant headaches were caused by air-conditioning sickness, I decided to change a few habits. (A) Next, I made sure to drink warm water instead of only cold drinks throughout the day. (B) First, I began carrying a light jacket to wear whenever a room felt too cold. (C) Finally, I started stretching and walking around every hour instead of sitting still all day.

At that distant point in time, the future increase feels almost costless, since no immediate sacrifice is required. One practical application of hyperbolic discounting involves a savings program that gradually raises an employee's contribution rate over several years. ( ① ) Employees are first asked to commit, well in advance, to increasing their savings rate at a specific future date, often timed to coincide with an expected salary raise. ( ② ) Because the commitment applies only to a point far in the future, the vast majority of employees readily agree to the plan. ( ③ ) When the scheduled date finally arrives, the increase takes effect automatically unless the employee actively opts out, and remarkably few do. ( ④ ) The program succeeds precisely because it separates the decision from the discomfort, asking employees to commit when the cost feels abstract rather than immediate. ( ⑤ ) In this way, a well-timed program can help individuals overcome the very bias that would otherwise prevent them from saving adequately for the future.