영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Political philosophers have long debated how much authority, if any, a government may ①legitimate claim over free individuals. Robert Nozick imagined a hypothetical starting point in which people live without any state at all, each relying on private arrangements to protect their own person and property. He argued that a minimal state, limited strictly to enforcing contracts and protecting citizens from violence, theft, and fraud, could ②arise gradually through a series of voluntary exchanges, without anyone's rights ever being violated along the way. Critics on one side, the anarchists, insist that even this minimal government inevitably ③violates the rights of those who never consented to join it. Critics on the other side argue that a state limited to bare protection cannot ④address deeper inequalities that arise naturally in any free market. Nozick's thought experiment therefore sits at the center of an unresolved argument about where legitimate political authority actually ⑤begins.

Safety signs surround us so constantly that most people stop ①consciously reading them soon after learning to drive. This is precisely the outcome that sign designers hope to avoid, since a sign that requires careful thought to interpret in an emergency has already ②succeeded at its purpose. Colors and shapes are chosen deliberately rather than randomly: red almost universally signals danger or prohibition, yellow signals ③caution, and green marks safety, a system consistent enough that a traveler in an unfamiliar country can often guess a sign's meaning without reading a word. Symbols replace text wherever possible for the same reason, allowing a running figure or a flame icon to communicate ④instantly to someone who may not speak the local language. Ignoring a familiar sign because it has become part of the background remains one of the most common and ⑤preventable causes of accidents in public spaces.

Earthquakes strike without any warning, which is exactly why the seconds immediately after the shaking begins matter more than any other moment in an ①emergency. Many people instinctively want to run outside during a quake, imagining that open space is always ②more dangerous than a building, but this instinct can be dangerous, since falling glass, signs, and debris often cause more injuries near exits and windows than sturdy interior spaces do. Furniture that seems merely inconvenient during a fire drill, such as a heavy desk, becomes a ③lifesaving shield when the ceiling above begins to crack. After the shaking stops, experts warn that the greatest remaining danger is often a damaged structure rather than a second earthquake, so ④calmly checking for hazards before moving is just as important as reacting ⑤quickly at the first tremor.

Many students imagine a librarian simply sitting behind a desk and stamping books. Ms. Han, who has worked at a school library for over ten years, says that image is far from ①accurate. A large part of her job involves choosing which new books to buy, based on both student requests and current trends in youth literature. She also spends hours ②training students to search databases and judge whether an online source is trustworthy, a skill she considers just as important as reading itself. According to Ms. Han, the most rewarding moment is not organizing shelves but watching a student who once avoided reading ③refuse to ask for a second book in the same series. She admits that budgets are often ④tight and that new technology keeps changing how libraries operate. Still, she insists that the core purpose of her job has never changed: connecting each reader with the right book at the right ⑤time.

Riding a bicycle is one of the most popular ways for teenagers to get around, yet many students still skip the one piece of equipment that could save their life: the helmet. Some argue that a short trip to a nearby store does not require any special protection, since the risk of a serious accident feels distant and unlikely. However, _______________. A sudden pothole, a car door opening without warning, or a patch of gravel can throw even an experienced cyclist off balance in an instant. Wearing a helmet does not prevent a fall, but it dramatically reduces the chance of a serious head injury when one occurs.

My grandmother keeps a wooden cabinet filled with tiny furniture, each piece no larger than a fingernail, that she has been building for over a decade as a miniature hobby. (A) Talking with her while she worked, though, I learned that the real challenge lies in imagining an entire, believable world at a scale the eye can barely process. (B) She once spent three weekends carving a single tiny bookshelf, only to leave two of its shelves deliberately empty, explaining that a completely full room would look staged rather than lived-in. (C) When I first saw the cabinet, I assumed the appeal was simply how impressively small and precise the pieces looked.

When workers receive a five percent raise in a year when prices have climbed five percent as well, their real purchasing power has not changed at all, yet many still report feeling noticeably better off. (A) Employers exploit this pattern by favoring modest nominal raises over deeper structural adjustments, since a visible increase on a payslip satisfies employees more effectively than an explanation about inflation could. (B) The illusion persists even among people who claim to understand inflation well, which suggests that the bias operates at an intuitive level that formal knowledge does not easily override. (C) This tendency to judge economic well-being by nominal figures printed on a paycheck, rather than by what that money can actually purchase, is known among economists as money illusion.

Every July, our school library launches a summer reading challenge that invites students to read at least five books before classes begin again in September. (A) Without daily homework and tests to worry about, summer gives students rare freedom to choose books purely because they sound interesting, not because a teacher assigned them. Librarians notice that students often pick more unusual genres during the challenge, including graphic novels, poetry, and nonfiction about hobbies they enjoy. (B) Students who complete the challenge receive a small prize, but many say the real reward is something else entirely. (C) This freedom seems to matter more than the prize itself, since students who only cared about winning tend to quit once the reading feels difficult, while curious readers keep going. Teachers who track student progress after summer report that challenge participants often return in September with noticeably stronger reading habits than classmates who read nothing over the break.

Admission is free, but some food and activities require a small fee. The Riverside Summer Festival will take place from August 1st to August 3rd at Riverside Park. ( ① ) This annual event offers a variety of programs for visitors of all ages. ( ② ) During the day, local farmers and small businesses will sell fresh fruits, snacks, and handmade crafts at outdoor booths. ( ③ ) In the evening, live music performances and a fireworks show will light up the night sky. ( ④ ) Children can enjoy water games and face painting near the fountain area. ( ⑤ ) Visitors are encouraged to bring their own water bottles and use public transportation, since parking near the park is limited.

This built-in urgency, in other words, is precisely what the system is designed to preserve, not an inconvenience to be silenced away. A loud, jarring alert sound interrupting a phone's normal notifications usually means one thing: a government agency has issued an emergency text to everyone in a specific area, warning of anything from a flash flood to a missing child. ( ① ) These messages are designed to reach people instantly, without requiring anyone to download an app or subscribe to a service in advance, since a disaster rarely waits for someone to prepare. ( ② ) Some residents complain that the alerts arrive too frequently or for events that feel minor, leading a small number of people to silence the notifications altogether. ( ③ ) Safety officials warn that this response defeats the entire purpose of the system, since a person who mutes every alert for convenience will also miss the one message that truly demands immediate action. ( ④ ) Unlike a weather app that must be checked voluntarily, an emergency alert pushes urgent information directly to a person's pocket, cutting through distraction in a way that no other communication method can consistently match. ( ⑤ )