영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Desalination, the process of ①removing dissolved salts from seawater to produce fresh water, has increasingly been adopted by coastal regions facing chronic water scarcity. Most modern facilities rely on reverse osmosis, a technique in which seawater is ②forced through membranes whose microscopic pores block salt while letting water molecules pass. Because this method consumes far less energy than the thermal distillation once dominant in the industry, it has become the preferred choice for large-scale plants. Nevertheless, desalination remains an inherently costly and environmentally burdensome solution, a fact often overlooked amid enthusiasm for ending water shortages. For instance, the process generates a concentrated byproduct called brine, which, when discharged without adequate dilution, can raise local salinity to levels that ③harms marine life. Pumping seawater through membranes at high pressure also ④demands substantial electricity, so plants powered by fossil fuels can worsen the emissions that intensify drought. Therefore, engineers increasingly argue that desalination should be ⑤treated not as a stand-alone remedy but as one component of a broader conservation strategy.

Science labs feel far safer than they actually are, largely because the equipment looks harmless and the experiments are carefully ①planned by a teacher. This false sense of security leads some students ②to skip small precautions, such as wearing safety goggles for a "simple" experiment or tasting a substance out of curiosity. Chemical reactions, however, do not distinguish between a professional laboratory and a classroom; a small amount of the wrong substance ③splashed into an eye can cause permanent damage within seconds, regardless of how basic the experiment seemed. Teachers repeatedly emphasize ④to read each instruction before touching any material, since even a familiar-looking chemical can behave unpredictably when combined with something new. Most laboratory accidents, researchers note, do not happen during advanced or unusual experiments but during routine ones that students ⑤have performed many times before.

Safety signs surround us so constantly, from a yellow diamond ①warns of a curve ahead to a red octagon commanding a full stop, that most people stop consciously reading them soon after learning to drive. This is precisely the outcome that sign designers hope ②to avoid, since a sign that requires careful thought to interpret in an emergency has already failed at its purpose. Colors and shapes are chosen deliberately rather than randomly: red almost universally ③signals danger or prohibition, yellow signals caution, and green marks safety. Symbols replace text wherever possible for the same reason, ④allowing a running figure or a flame icon to communicate instantly to someone who may not speak the local language. Ignoring a familiar sign because it has become part of the background remains one of the most common and ⑤preventable causes of accidents in public spaces.

Whenever people discuss the future of reading, one debate never seems to end: e-books or paper books? Supporters of e-books point out that a single device can hold ①thousands of titles, which makes traveling with a full library incredibly ②light. Readers can also change the font size, look up a word instantly, and carry their entire collection in one bag. Fans of paper books, however, argue that something important is ③lost on a screen. Many readers say they remember a paper book's plot more clearly, perhaps because they ④recall where a scene appeared on the page. Screens also invite distraction, since a single notification can pull a reader ⑤closer to the story in seconds. Interestingly, several recent surveys suggest that most young readers do not choose one format forever. Instead, they switch between paper and digital depending on the situation, treating the debate less as a contest and more as a matter of convenience.

Physical education class often feels like the one period of the day when students can finally move freely, which sometimes leads them to skip the warm-up routine that teachers insist on before any real activity begins. Cold muscles, however, are noticeably less flexible than warmed ones, and _______________. Coaches often compare an unwarmed muscle to a cold rubber band that snaps rather than stretches under sudden pressure.

Our film club spent an entire semester making a five-minute short film, and I was startled to learn just how little of that time was actually spent filming. We wrote and rewrote the script for nearly a month, then spent another two weeks drawing simple storyboards to plan every camera angle before a single scene was recorded. Filming itself took only two Saturday afternoons, yet editing the footage afterward consumed nearly six additional weeks, as we combed through hours of raw clips to choose the handful of seconds that actually made it into the final version. Our advisor warned us early on that amateur filmmakers usually underestimate editing the most, assuming that a good script and decent camera work will carry a film on their own. By the time our short film premiered at the school festival, I understood that _______________.

Sleep is not a single, uniform state but a cycle that alternates between two very different modes: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. (A) REM sleep, by contrast, brings rapid eye movements and brain activity resembling wakefulness, and is believed to help consolidate memories and process emotions. (B) A healthy night cycles through both stages several times, and disrupting either one can leave a person feeling unrested despite a full night in bed. (C) During non-REM sleep, particularly its deepest stage, the brain waves slow dramatically and the body focuses on physical repair.

Memory researchers have long recognized that learning is not simply a matter of accumulating information without cost. Newly acquired material can collide with what the mind already holds, producing measurable disruptions in recall. (A) Conversely, when material learned later undermines the recollection of something acquired earlier, the process is labeled retroactive interference. This second mechanism explains why switching to a new keyboard layout can temporarily impair typing on a familiar one. (B) Both processes suggest that memories compete for the same limited retrieval pathways rather than resting in isolated compartments. This insight carries real implications for how students approach studying multiple similar subjects. Instead of cramming closely related material back to back, spacing out review sessions can reduce competition between overlapping traces. Varying study contexts further helps preserve accuracy for both old and new information alike. (C) When earlier knowledge interferes with the retrieval of information learned afterward, psychologists call this proactive interference. This phenomenon explains why someone who memorized an old phone number for years may struggle to recall a new one.

When an image-generating program produced a strikingly detailed painting in the exact style of a well-known illustrator within seconds, my art club spent an entire meeting arguing about what it actually meant for artists. (A) Others worried that the program had been trained on thousands of real illustrations scraped from the internet without the original artists' permission, meaning the tool's impressive results were quietly built on other people's uncredited labor. (B) Some members felt excited, imagining the software as a helpful tool that could speed up brainstorming or generate quick backgrounds for their comics. (C) A few pointed out that the final image, however skillful it looked, reflected no personal memory, struggle, or intention, only patterns learned from existing pictures, and the debate never reached a clear conclusion.

Picture books are usually written for young children, but a growing number of adults are picking them up for themselves. (A) However, many picture books deal with serious themes, such as loss, fear, and change, using only a few carefully chosen words, and because the text is short, every sentence carries extra weight, so readers naturally slow down to notice small details in the pictures. (B) This slower pace can feel calming for adults who are used to rushing through long articles and constant notifications. A picture book can also be finished in a single sitting, which makes it easy to return to the same story again and again, so for these reasons, therapists and teachers sometimes recommend picture books to stressed adults as well. (C) At first glance, a picture book seems too simple for someone who has already learned to read long novels.