영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly ②observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose ③to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, ①discouraged additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion ④to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones ⑤remain hidden.

문제 2

More and more teenagers today ①dream of starting their own business someday. Some students design and sell handmade jewelry online, while others ②create simple mobile apps as a hobby. This growing interest is partly due to the internet, ③which make it easy to reach customers without a physical store. Starting a small business also teaches skills ④that traditional classes rarely offer, such as managing money and marketing a product. Still, most teen entrepreneurs say that failure ⑤taught them more than any success did.

문제 3

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns for that time of day, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. This flood of information allows the app to ①reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all. The convenience comes at a ②cost that few passengers consider, however. When thousands of drivers are simultaneously redirected onto the same shortcut, that quiet side street can quickly become as ③congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly ④complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic, arguing that an algorithm optimizing for individual convenience can end up ⑤solving a new, entirely different problem for the wider community.

문제 4

Dual coding theory, first proposed to explain why certain kinds of information are remembered more readily than others, holds that the mind processes verbal and visual material through two partially independent ① channels rather than a single unified system. According to this account, words and other linguistic symbols are encoded primarily through a verbal channel that represents meaning in a concrete ②, sequential form, while pictures and concrete objects are encoded through an imagery channel that preserves spatial and perceptual detail. When information engages both channels simultaneously, as when a textbook pairs a written explanation with an accompanying diagram, the resulting memory trace benefits from two separate, mutually reinforcing ③ pathways of retrieval rather than just one. This redundancy explains the well-documented picture superiority ④ effect, whereby concrete, easily visualized words tend to be recalled more accurately than abstract terms that resist mental imagery. Consequently, dual coding theory has profound implications for instructional design, suggesting that combining carefully chosen visuals with concise verbal explanations can strengthen ⑤ students' long-term retention of complex material.

문제 5

For many students, the walk to school feels so ①routine that safety becomes an afterthought, yet a surprising number of accidents occur within a few blocks of the school gate. Part of the danger comes from convenience: students often cut across a busy street rather than walking the extra minute to the nearest crosswalk, assuming they can judge the traffic gap ②correctly. Wearing dark clothing during these hours can make a student almost ③invisible until a car is dangerously close. Simple choices, such as using a marked crosswalk, waiting for the pedestrian signal, and adding something reflective to a backpack, cost only a few extra seconds each morning. Traffic safety officials argue that these small habits, repeated daily, do more to ④ignore injury than any single safety ⑤campaign ever could.

문제 6

Long before cognitive scientists possessed the tools to observe the brain directly, Donald Broadbent proposed an influential model suggesting that the human capacity to process incoming sensory information is constrained by a structural bottleneck through which only a single stream of input can pass at any given instant. (A) This basic bottleneck principle continues to inform contemporary explanations of why multitasking so reliably degrades performance on demanding tasks. (B) According to this filter theory, multiple channels of stimulation, such as competing voices in a crowded room, are initially registered at a shallow, physical level, but only one channel is selected for further, meaning-based analysis while the rest are blocked from advancing beyond that early filter. (C) Although later researchers challenged the rigidity of this early selection mechanism, pointing to instances in which unattended information, such as one's own name, nevertheless breaks through and captures awareness, the core insight that attention imposes a genuine processing limit rather than a mere matter of willpower has remained remarkably durable.

문제 7

Walking down a crowded street while staring at a phone screen has become such a common sight that it barely draws attention anymore, even though the habit turns a pedestrian into one of the least alert people on the sidewalk. (A) Hospitals have reported a steady rise in injuries linked to distracted walking, ranging from minor scrapes after tripping over a curb to serious collisions with moving vehicles at intersections. (B) Researchers who study attention describe this as a kind of tunnel vision: a person absorbed in a text message or a video processes only a narrow slice of the surrounding environment. (C) What makes this danger especially difficult to address is that pedestrians rarely recognize the risk in the moment; unlike distracted driving, which is widely condemned, glancing at a phone while crossing the street still feels like a harmless habit.

문제 8

Physical education class often feels like the one period of the day when students can finally move freely, which sometimes leads them to skip the warm-up routine that teachers insist on before any real activity begins. (A) Beyond warming up, wearing proper footwear matters more than most students realize; running in worn-out sneakers with little grip left on the sole significantly raises the chance of a twisted ankle. (B) Coaches often compare an unwarmed muscle to a cold rubber band that snaps rather than stretches under sudden pressure. (C) Cold muscles, however, are noticeably less flexible than warmed ones, and stretching a stiff hamstring or ankle too quickly can cause a strain that keeps a student off the field for weeks.

문제 9

This year, more than three hundred students signed up within the first week. Every July, our school library launches a summer reading challenge that invites students to read at least five books before classes begin again in September. ( ① ) Students who complete the challenge receive a small prize, but many say the real reward is something else entirely. ( ② ) Without daily homework and tests to worry about, summer gives students rare freedom to choose books purely because they sound interesting, not because a teacher assigned them. ( ③ ) Librarians notice that students often pick more unusual genres during the challenge, including graphic novels, poetry, and nonfiction about hobbies they enjoy. ( ④ ) This freedom seems to matter more than the prize itself, since students who only cared about winning tend to quit once the reading feels difficult, while curious readers keep going. ( ⑤ ) Teachers who track student progress after summer report that challenge participants often return in September with noticeably stronger reading habits than classmates who read nothing over the break.

문제 10

주어진 문장: This curvature reflects a broader principle: sensitivity to change diminishes as the underlying quantity grows, whether that quantity represents a gain or a loss. Prospect theory proposes that the subjective value of money is not a straight line but a curved function, differing sharply from the assumptions of classical economic models. ( ① ) In the domain of gains, the function bends downward as amounts increase, so the psychological difference between earning zero and one hundred dollars feels far greater than between earning one thousand and eleven hundred. ( ② ) A parallel pattern appears among losses, where the curve bends in the opposite direction, yet sensitivity still fades as the amount grows larger. ( ③ ) This tendency, known as diminishing sensitivity, explains why a shopper barely notices a ten dollar increase on a two thousand dollar purchase, though the same ten dollars would matter enormously as the price of a meal. ( ④ ) Researchers illustrate this curvature with graphs shaped like an S turned sideways, sloping gently near the center and flattening toward both extremes. ( ⑤ ) Understanding this curvature allows economists to predict decisions that a simple, linear model of value could never anticipate.