영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Political philosophers have long debated how much authority, if any, a government may ①legitimate claim over free individuals. Robert Nozick imagined a hypothetical starting point in which people live without any state at all, each relying on private arrangements to protect their own person and property. He argued that a minimal state, limited strictly to enforcing contracts and protecting citizens from violence, theft, and fraud, could ②arise gradually through a series of voluntary exchanges, without anyone's rights ever being violated along the way. Critics on one side, the anarchists, insist that even this minimal government inevitably ③violates the rights of those who never consented to join it. Critics on the other side argue that a state limited to bare protection cannot ④address deeper inequalities that arise naturally in any free market. Nozick's thought experiment therefore sits at the center of an unresolved argument about where legitimate political authority actually ⑤begins.

Many schools give students a list of recommended books at the start of each year. ①Choosing these books is not as simple as picking well-known titles. Teachers must think about a wide range of student interests, not just their own favorites. A good list should also ②including stories from different cultures and different kinds of characters, so that every student can find someone to relate to. Reading level matters too; a book that is too difficult can make a student ③give up on reading altogether, while a book that is too easy may feel boring. Teachers often ask students for feedback after they finish a book, and they slowly ④update the list based on what students actually enjoyed. In the end, the best recommended list is not fixed forever; it keeps changing to match the readers it ⑤is meant to serve.

Many readers assume that once they finish a book, there is no reason to open it again. Yet teachers who study reading often ①disagree, arguing that a second reading can reveal details a first reading ②misses completely. During a first reading, most of a student's attention goes toward simply following the plot, ③wondering what will happen next. Once the ending is already known, a second reading frees the mind ④notice smaller things, such as a clever hint the author placed early in the story or a change in a character's tone. Teachers therefore encourage students not to rush toward new titles alone, but to occasionally return to a book they already ⑤loved, since a second visit often teaches more than the first.

As efforts to ①curb greenhouse gas emissions intensify, industries unable to eliminate carbon dioxide from their processes have turned to a technology known as carbon capture and storage. This technology involves separating carbon dioxide from the exhaust of power plants before it is released into the atmosphere, then transporting the captured gas for underground injection. Once injected into porous rock formations, the gas is trapped beneath layers of impermeable rock that prevent it from escaping into the air. Proponents argue that carbon capture and storage functions as a bridge technology, allowing heavy industries to keep operating while more sustainable alternatives are ②developed. For instance, cement and steel production, both of which release carbon dioxide as an ③unavoidable byproduct of chemical reactions, are considered prime candidates for this approach. However, critics contend that the technology remains prohibitively ④cheap and that building pipelines requires investments few companies make voluntarily. Despite such concerns, many governments continue funding pilot projects, convinced that this technology will play an ⑤indispensable role in reaching emission targets.

Stairs seem too ①ordinary to be dangerous, which is why many people treat them carelessly, texting, carrying an armful of books, or skipping two steps at a time. Emergency room records tell a ②different story: falls on stairways send more people to the hospital each year than almost any other household accident. Familiarity ③discourages a kind of autopilot mode, in which a person stops looking at each step and instead relies on memory of where the stairs should be, a habit that fails the moment something ④unexpected occurs, such as a missing step or a loose railing. Safety officials recommend a few ⑤unglamorous habits: keep one hand free, use the handrail, and turn on the light before stepping onto a dark staircase.

Students often groan when a classic novel appears on their reading list, complaining that the language feels old-fashioned and the plot moves too ①slowly. It is true that classic literature can be ②easier to read than a modern bestseller written in casual, everyday language. Yet this very difficulty is part of why classics remain valuable for young readers today. Working through unfamiliar sentence patterns and vocabulary trains the brain to handle ③complex texts, a skill that transfers directly to other subjects and to standardized tests. Beyond language training, classic novels also explore themes such as jealousy, ambition, and loss that have not changed much across ④centuries. Readers often discover that a character written hundreds of years ago struggles with feelings that still feel ⑤familiar today.

Conventional industrial zones typically operate as ①isolated facilities, each purchasing raw materials independently and disposing of waste without regard for neighboring plants, even when one factory's discarded byproduct could serve as ②valuable input for another. An eco-industrial park reorganizes this arrangement by clustering diverse companies within a single area and encouraging them to exchange materials, energy, and water through a practice known as industrial symbiosis. A power plant's ③surplus heat, for example, might be piped to a nearby greenhouse, while a food processing facility's organic waste could be converted into biogas that powers another factory's equipment. Such exchanges require companies to coordinate schedules and share information they might otherwise regard as ④proprietary, a level of cooperation rarely achieved without deliberate institutional support. Local governments therefore often play a coordinating role, mapping which industries could exchange resources and providing incentives for companies willing to participate. Consequently, eco-industrial parks have come to be seen as a model capable of ⑤increasing both waste disposal costs and raw material expenses simultaneously.

Many English teachers now ask students to write a short review after finishing a book, rather than simply filling out a reading log. At first, students often complain that summarizing a plot is enough work already. However, a review requires something a summary does not: a clear judgment supported by specific evidence from the text. To defend an opinion about a character or a theme, _______________. Teachers who assign reviews regularly report that their students remember plot details more accurately and discuss characters' motivations more confidently than students who only summarize.

Building a reading habit does not usually start with a big decision to read more. It often starts with very small, easy steps. Some students keep a book in their bag so that they always have something to read while waiting for a bus. Others choose a fixed time each day, like right before bed, and read for just ten minutes. These small routines work because _______________. Experts also suggest setting a very low daily goal, such as one page, instead of a strict page count that feels like homework. Over weeks, these tiny actions add up, and reading slowly becomes something the student simply does, rather than something the student has to force.

A growing number of teenagers are joining book clubs that exist only on their phones. These apps let users track pages, write short reviews, and join group chats about a chosen book. The apps also use gentle reminders and reading streaks to keep members motivated. However, a few teachers worry that constant notifications from a reading app can pull attention away from the book itself. Despite this concern, many students report that _______________.