영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

On a summer evening, downtown streets often ①feel noticeably hotter than nearby parks or suburban neighborhoods, even after the sun has set. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, occurs when cities retain more heat than surrounding rural areas because of their dense concentration of asphalt, concrete, and buildings. Unlike soil or vegetation, which absorb and release heat gradually, these man-made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and slowly ②radiates it back at night, preventing temperatures from cooling. Tall buildings ③packed closely together also block wind, trapping warm air within narrow streets. In contrast, areas with abundant trees and open water naturally ④stay cooler, since plants release moisture that helps lower surrounding temperatures. To reduce this effect, many cities have begun installing rooftop gardens and expanding public parks, ⑤hoping that additional greenery will absorb less heat than pavement does.

Dear residents, this notice explains how ①using our apartment recycling area correctly. The recycling area, ②located behind the main entrance, is open every day from six to ten in the evening. First, sort your items into the labeled sections for paper, plastic, glass, and cans before ③dropping them off. Boxes should be flattened, and bottles should be ④emptied, because dirty items are hard to recycle. However, please do not leave large furniture or electronics in this area at any time. Instead, contact the management office ⑤to arrange a separate pickup for those bulky items. For example, broken chairs and old refrigerators require a special sticker before collection. In contrast to ordinary trash, recyclable materials must never be mixed together in one bag. Following these simple rules keeps our shared space tidy for every family.

Psychologists have long studied a mechanism called the variable reward schedule, in which rewards ①arrive unpredictably rather than after every single action. Slot machines famously exploit this principle, and social media notifications operate on strikingly similar logic. When someone posts a photo, they cannot predict exactly when likes will appear, nor ②how many they will eventually receive. This uncertainty triggers a small burst of dopamine each time the phone ③is checked, regardless of whether the result is disappointing or thrilling. Consequently, users often refresh their feeds compulsively, ④hoping the next check will finally bring a satisfying reward. What makes this troubling is that technology companies deliberately designed notification systems using insights borrowed from gambling research, rather than ⑤stumble upon them by accident.

When Suji transferred to a new school in March, she knew no one in her class and felt ①lonely during lunch and breaks. Her homeroom teacher suggested joining a club to make friends more easily. Suji signed up for the photography club, though she had never taken photography seriously before. At the first meeting, older members taught her how to adjust a camera and find a ②good angle. Because everyone shared photos and gave ③friendly feedback each week, Suji gradually felt more ④uncomfortable with the other members. One rainy afternoon, a fellow member, Hana, invited her to photograph the flooded schoolyard together. They laughed while trying to keep their cameras dry, and that moment grew into a real ⑤friendship.

Many students set a New Year goal to build a new habit. However, most people give up within two weeks because the habit still feels ①easy. Researchers found that, on average, a new habit takes about sixty-six days to feel automatic. During the first few weeks, your brain still treats the activity as something ②new, so you must rely on willpower. Around the middle of this period, the behavior becomes ③easier because your brain starts to expect it at a certain time each day. By the end, you no longer need to force yourself, since the action feels ④natural and comfortable. This is why experts suggest repeating a small action every day, rather than aiming for a perfect performance ⑤right away.

Scientists have identified certain gene variants that appear more frequently among elite endurance athletes than among the general population, along with a separate set that seems to favor explosive, power-based sports such as sprinting. One frequently studied variant, for instance, influences the proportion of slow-twitch versus fast-twitch muscle fibers a person naturally develops, a ratio that shapes whether a body leans toward endurance or explosive power. However, researchers caution strongly against interpreting these findings as evidence that athletic greatness is simply inherited, since _______________. Genetics may set a rough ceiling on an individual's ultimate potential, but where any particular athlete lands within that range depends overwhelmingly on training quality, nutrition, coaching, and sheer determination.

Every day, we leave behind marks of the gases that warm our planet, much like footprints left in wet sand. These marks, often called our carbon footprint, _______________. Many students think that only large factories create these marks, but ordinary habits at home also matter greatly. For example, turning off lights when leaving a room reduces the energy that power plants must produce. Walking or biking to school instead of riding in a car also lowers the amount of gas released into the air. In contrast, leaving devices plugged in all night quietly increases our footprint without our notice. Therefore, students who practice these simple habits regularly can shrink their footprint significantly. Small daily choices, repeated over time, become powerful tools for protecting the environment we all share.

One Saturday morning, Jiho carried a heavy bag of old clothes to the donation box near his apartment. He had grown taller over the winter, so many shirts no longer fit him. (A) Therefore, Jiho folded each shirt neatly and placed them gently inside the box. In contrast to his first careless idea, he now felt genuinely happy about his choice. Walking home, Jiho realized that small actions could create meaningful change for others. (B) At first, he almost threw the clothes into the regular trash without thinking twice. (C) However, his older sister reminded him that clean clothes could still help someone else. She explained that donating clothes was like giving a plant a second chance to grow. For example, a jacket he had outgrown might keep another child warm this winter.

Last spring, Mina joined the school environmental club because she wanted to make a difference. At first, she felt nervous about speaking in front of the other members. (A) Every Friday, the members walked around the school picking up trash near the playground. Mina soon realized that this weekly habit was like watering a small plant every day. For example, a single plastic bottle left outside could take hundreds of years to disappear. (B) However, the club leader, who had been recycling for years, welcomed her warmly. (C) Therefore, the club decided to place clear recycling bins in every classroom. In contrast to her early doubts, Mina began to feel proud of the changes she noticed. Her classmates started separating cans and paper without being reminded by teachers. By the end of the semester, Mina had become an active member.

주어진 문장: Interestingly, this principle was first observed in government offices, where paperwork seemed to multiply regardless of actual workload. Time-management researchers frequently mention a principle known as Parkinson's Law, which states that work expands to fill the time available for its completion. ( ① ) According to this idea, a task that could be finished in one hour will often stretch to fill an entire afternoon if that much time is scheduled for it. ( ② ) Students who set vague deadlines frequently experience this effect, spending extra hours refining a report that was already complete. ( ③ ) Employees given a full week for a simple project may also delay meaningful progress until the final days, even though the actual work requires far less effort. ( ④ ) This pattern happens partly because people unconsciously adjust their pace to match perceived urgency. ( ⑤ ) Setting shorter, more specific deadlines can counter this tendency, forcing tasks to fit within a tighter and more realistic window. By recognizing how flexible time encourages unnecessary delay, individuals can complete assignments more efficiently without sacrificing quality.