영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

As millions of people now earn income through delivery apps and ride-hailing platforms, questions about their legal status have become increasingly ①urgent. Most platform workers are classified as independent contractors rather than employees, which means they lack access to minimum wage guarantees, paid sick leave, and unemployment insurance. Companies ②oppose this arrangement because it allows them to avoid the costs associated with hiring full employees. Worker advocates argue that many platform workers ③depend on these jobs as their primary source of income, much like traditional employees do. Several countries have recently begun ④reconsidering their labor laws, proposing new categories that would grant platform workers some employee-like protections. Supporters of these reforms believe fair treatment and flexibility can ⑤coexist within the same system.

A rational approach to decision-making dictates that only future costs and benefits should influence a choice, since resources already spent cannot be ①recovered regardless of what is decided next. In practice, however, people routinely allow such irrecoverable expenditures, known as sunk costs, to shape their subsequent decisions, a pattern referred to as the sunk cost fallacy. A moviegoer who finds a film thoroughly ②disappointing after the first thirty minutes will often remain in the theater until the credits roll, reasoning that leaving early would somehow waste the money already spent on the ticket. Organizations exhibit the same fallacy on a larger scale: a company that has invested heavily in a failing project frequently ③abandons funding it, arguing that stopping the project now would render the prior investment meaningless. Yet continuing to invest in a venture destined to fail merely adds new losses to old ones, ④compounding the very waste the decision-makers hoped to avoid. Economists therefore urge decision-makers to evaluate each choice based solely on its prospective outcomes, treating past expenditures as ⑤irrelevant to the decision at hand.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are ①accurate. Consumers, who are increasingly ②concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay ③higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more ④costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to prove their environmental claims with ⑤unverifiable data.

Every brand has a history, but not every brand knows how to tell it well. (A) For example, a small shoe company once shared the story of its founder's grandfather, who had repaired shoes for workers in need. (B) Consequently, other companies began investing in storytelling as a core part of their marketing strategy. (C) Stories like this create emotional connections that plain advertisements rarely achieve on their own.

Every time a smartphone connects to a cell tower or a Wi-Fi network, it quietly records a data point that can later be pieced together into a detailed map of where its owner has been. (A) Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly shown that a handful of location points is enough to identify a specific person. (B) Most users agree to this tracking without reading the fine print, assuming that a single company's database poses little threat. (C) The real danger, however, emerges when location data from multiple sources is combined, revealing a person's home, workplace, and daily route.

The Hillside Community Center is recruiting student volunteers for its summer programs. (A) No prior experience is necessary, since training will be provided on the first day. (B) Volunteers will help with tutoring younger children, organizing books, and assisting elderly residents. (C) Because the number of positions is limited, students should apply online before July 10th.

주어진 문장: This concern reflects a deeper fear about what makes art meaningful in the first place. Artificial intelligence has begun to play a surprising role in creative industries once thought to be uniquely human. ( ① ) Programs can now compose music, generate paintings, and even draft short stories within seconds. ( ② ) Some artists welcome this technology, using AI tools to explore new styles or overcome creative blocks that once took weeks to resolve. ( ③ ) Others, however, argue that AI-generated art lacks the emotional depth that comes from genuine human experience. ( ④ ) Despite this debate, most experts agree that AI is unlikely to fully replace artists anytime soon. ( ⑤ ) Instead, it functions best as a collaborative tool, helping creators experiment faster while leaving final artistic decisions to humans.

That single moment made me forget my nervousness completely. Last spring, I joined a one-day job experience program at a local hospital. ( ① ) A kind nurse named Ms. Park showed me around the ward and explained her daily duties. ( ② ) At first, I was nervous about talking to real patients, but I helped an elderly patient find her room. ( ③ ) The busiest moment came when several patients needed attention at once, and the nurses worked together calmly. ( ④ ) I realized that teamwork matters as much as medical knowledge. ( ⑤ ) By the end of the day, my interest in nursing had grown even stronger.

주어진 문장: Please make sure to write your goal clearly, since it will be shown to other students. Attention, all students! Our school is starting a New Year Goal-Setting Campaign to help everyone begin the year with clear direction. ( ① ) During the first week of January, every student will receive a small goal card in homeroom class. ( ② ) On this card, write one personal goal for the new year, along with two simple steps you plan to take to achieve it. ( ③ ) After completing your card, submit it to your homeroom teacher by January 9th. ( ④ ) All goal cards will then be displayed on the bulletin board outside the library, so students can read and encourage one another. ( ⑤ ) In February, students who show clear progress toward their goals will receive a small prize during the morning assembly.

주어진 문장: This vulnerability explains why crucial instructions embedded in the middle of a lengthy list are so often overlooked or misremembered. Anyone designing a presentation, a curriculum, or a grocery list should attend to a well-documented pattern in human memory known as the serial position effect. When people are asked to recall items from a list right after studying it, they consistently remember the items presented at the beginning and end far better than those buried in the middle. ( ① ) The advantage for early items, called the primacy effect, arises because those items receive more rehearsal and are more likely to be transferred into long-term storage before subsequent items compete for attention. ( ② ) The advantage for final items, known as the recency effect, occurs because those items remain accessible in short-term memory at the moment of recall. ( ③ ) Middle items suffer because they must compete for limited rehearsal opportunities while lacking the stability afforded by extended processing. ( ④ ) Communicators who ignore this pattern risk burying their most important point where it will predictably be forgotten. ( ⑤ ) A more effective strategy, therefore, places the crucial message at the beginning or end, precisely where memory proves most reliable.