영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Standard economic theory assumes that money is fungible, meaning that a dollar earned as salary is functionally identical to a dollar received as a tax refund or won in a lottery. In practice, however, people routinely sort their finances into separate mental accounts, ①treating money differently depending on its source or intended purpose, a process economists call mental accounting. A household that would never dip into its retirement savings to pay for a vacation might nonetheless spend an unexpected bonus on that very trip without hesitation, even though both sums ②are, in strictly financial terms, equally available for either purpose. This compartmentalization can produce decisions that appear inconsistent when viewed through a purely rational lens: the same individual who diligently saves a portion of every paycheck may simultaneously ③carrying high-interest credit card debt, effectively paying more to borrow than they earn on their savings. Mental accounting is not always harmful, however; by assigning specific categories to specific funds, individuals can also impose useful discipline on their spending, ④preventing money earmarked for essential needs from being diverted toward impulsive purchases. The practice thus reveals that financial behavior is guided less by pure arithmetic than by psychological categories that individuals ⑤impose on money's origin and purpose.

Automation is transforming labor markets more quickly than economists predicted only a decade ago. Factories once staffed by hundreds of workers now rely on robotic arms ①that assemble products with remarkable precision. Warehouses use automated systems ②to sort and deliver packages within a few hours. This shift does not simply eliminate jobs; it also creates roles that ③never exists before. Technicians who maintain robotic equipment are now in high demand, and engineers who design efficient systems ④are highly valued. Policymakers argue that retraining programs ⑤are essential to help displaced workers move into emerging fields.

Beyond restoring lost function, engineers are now exploring implants and prosthetics ①designed to give healthy people abilities beyond ordinary human limits, from night vision to reaction times faster than any athlete could achieve through training alone. Supporters frame this as simply the next step in a long history of human enhancement, no different in principle from eyeglasses or vaccines, only more direct. Critics counter that earlier enhancements ②were broadly available to anyone regardless of wealth, while cutting-edge neural and physical implants are likely ③remaining expensive for decades, potentially splitting society into those who can afford enhancement and those who cannot. If such a divide hardens, competitive advantages in school, sports, and the workplace could come to depend less on effort than on access to capital. What began as a medical tool for restoring what was lost, in other words, may end up ④redefining the baseline of what counts as an ordinary human being ⑤altogether.

A rational approach to decision-making dictates that only future costs and benefits should influence a choice, since resources already spent ①cannot be recovered regardless of what is decided next. In practice, however, people routinely allow such irrecoverable expenditures, known as sunk costs, ②to shape their subsequent decisions, a pattern referred to as the sunk cost fallacy. A moviegoer who finds a film thoroughly disappointing after the first thirty minutes will often remain in the theater until the credits roll, ③reasoning that leaving early would somehow waste the money already spent on the ticket. Organizations exhibit the same fallacy on a larger scale: a company that ④have invested heavily in a failing project frequently continues funding it, arguing that abandoning the project now would render the prior investment meaningless. Yet continuing to invest in a venture destined to fail merely adds new losses to old ones, ⑤compounding the very waste the decision-makers hoped to avoid.

Summer vacation is a great time to go camping, but a safe trip requires ①careful preparation. First, pack enough water and snacks, since staying hydrated is ②essential in hot weather. Second, bring sunscreen and insect repellent, which will ③expose your skin to sunburn and bug bites. Check the weather forecast before you leave, and choose a campsite that is ④safe from flooding. A flashlight and extra batteries are also useful in case you need light after dark, and this small habit can make your trip much ⑤safer.

Many students take a career aptitude test at some point in high school. This test is designed to ___________. It does not simply tell students which job to choose. Instead, it helps them understand themselves better. For example, a student who enjoys solving problems might discover a hidden interest in engineering. Another student who likes helping others might find that a career in counseling suits her well. However, the results should be used only as a guide, not as a final answer. Therefore, students should treat the test as a useful starting point for exploring various career paths, rather than a fixed decision that limits their future choices.

When an image-generating program produced a strikingly detailed painting in the exact style of a well-known illustrator within seconds, my art club spent an entire meeting arguing about what it actually meant for artists. (A) Others worried that the program had been trained on thousands of real illustrations scraped from the internet without the original artists' permission, meaning the tool's impressive results were quietly built on other people's uncredited labor. (B) Some members felt excited, imagining the software as a helpful tool that could speed up brainstorming or generate quick backgrounds for their comics. (C) A few pointed out that the final image, however skillful it looked, reflected no personal memory, struggle, or intention, only patterns learned from existing pictures, and the debate never reached a clear conclusion.

Instead, these trainers help workers use AI tools wisely, without becoming fully dependent on them. As artificial intelligence becomes part of everyday life, entirely new job titles are appearing in the workplace. ( ① ) Prompt engineers, for instance, design effective instructions that help AI programs produce accurate and useful results. ( ② ) AI ethics officers examine whether a company's technology treats users fairly and avoids harmful bias. ( ③ ) Meanwhile, human-AI collaboration trainers do not simply teach employees to use every new AI feature available. ( ④ ) These jobs did not exist even ten years ago, yet they are growing quickly across many industries. ( ⑤ ) This suggests that success in an AI-driven future will depend more on uniquely human skills.

None of these individual passersby, however, has any direct evidence that the food itself is worth the wait. Consider how a line forms outside a small restaurant on an otherwise quiet street. ( ① ) The first few patrons may have arrived simply because of a personal recommendation or a delayed reservation, factors entirely unrelated to the restaurant's actual quality. ( ② ) As the line grows, passersby begin to notice it and, assuming that such popularity must be earned, decide to join the queue themselves. ( ③ ) Each additional person who joins makes the line appear even more compelling to the next passerby, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of imitation. ( ④ ) They are, in effect, relying entirely on the visible behavior of strangers as a proxy for information they do not personally possess. ( ⑤ ) The restaurant's true culinary merit, whatever it may be, has become almost irrelevant to the continued growth of the line.

She explained that sitting in a cold, air-conditioned room for too long can make people feel weak and achy. Last week, I started feeling tired and had a mild headache every afternoon at school. ( ① ) At first, I thought I was just stressed about exams, but my mother told me it might be air-conditioning sickness. ( ② ) After doing some research, I learned a few simple ways to prevent it. ( ③ ) First, I began carrying a light jacket to wear indoors, and I made sure to drink warm water instead of only cold drinks. ( ④ ) I also started stretching and walking around every hour instead of sitting still all day. ( ⑤ ) Within a few days, my headaches disappeared, and I felt much more energetic.