영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Online advertising algorithms analyze enormous amounts of user data ①to determine which products a person is most likely to purchase. Every click, search, and pause while scrolling provides information that these systems use ②to refine future advertisements. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by ③reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Critics, however, worry that constant exposure to tailored ads can encourage unnecessary spending, since algorithms ④is specifically designed to identify and exploit individual weaknesses. Greater transparency, many experts argue, would allow consumers ⑤to make more informed decisions about their own online behavior.

The Hopeful Start Workshop will be held on January 10th at the Green Hill Community Center, and this event helps students set ①clear and realistic goals for the new year. The workshop will run from two to four in the afternoon, and participants will learn simple methods for writing goals that are specific and ②easy to measure. Each participant will receive a goal-planning notebook to use throughout the year. The workshop is ③open to all middle and high school students, and no experience is required. Registration is ④free, but seats are limited to thirty people, so early sign-up is recommended, and students can register ⑤offline through the center's website or by calling the front desk before January 8th.

A small bakery once sold a basic loaf of bread for three dollars and a premium loaf for six dollars, and most customers, uncertain about the added value of the pricier option, simply bought the ①cheaper one. The owner then introduced a third option: a slightly larger premium loaf priced at seven dollars, one that was clearly ②inferior to the six-dollar loaf in terms of value for money. Almost nobody chose the new seven-dollar loaf, yet sales of the six-dollar loaf ③fell sharply, because it now appeared to be an obvious bargain when placed beside the inferior newcomer. This pattern, confirmed across countless pricing experiments in other markets, demonstrates that people ④rarely judge options in isolation; instead, they evaluate choices relative to whatever alternatives happen to be nearby. Businesses have since learned to design such decoys deliberately, not expecting them to be purchased at all, but hoping they will make a specific target option look far more ⑤attractive by comparison.

Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special and worth attending in person. When the two weeks ended, the brand reported a significant ①decrease in both sales and social media followers. ②Encouraged by these results, the company ③began planning ④additional pop-up events in ⑤other cities.

Facing a shortage of caregivers and a rapidly aging population, several countries have begun deploying robots designed to remind elderly residents to take medication and offer simple conversation. Early trials show that many residents report reduced loneliness, particularly when a robot's presence allows a human staff member to spend more time with each patient. Critics, however, worry that _______________, especially in facilities already struggling with tight budgets.

Every brand has a history, but not every brand knows how to tell it well. (A) For example, a small shoe company once shared the story of its founder's grandfather, who had repaired shoes for workers in need. (B) Consequently, other companies began investing in storytelling as a core part of their marketing strategy. (C) Stories like this create emotional connections that plain advertisements rarely achieve on their own.

The ethical debate surrounding nudging often intensifies when the technique is applied to particularly vulnerable populations. (A) Elderly individuals facing complex decisions about long-term care, for example, may be especially susceptible to defaults and framing effects, raising the stakes of any given choice architecture considerably. (B) Some ethicists argue that heightened vulnerability actually strengthens the case for carefully designed nudges, since vulnerable individuals may otherwise fall prey to more overtly exploitative influences, such as aggressive sales tactics, if a beneficial default is not established first. (C) Others insist that heightened vulnerability demands greater caution rather than more intervention, since those least equipped to resist a nudge are also least equipped to recognize when it no longer serves their genuine interests.

This is because the temperature inside a car can rise to a dangerous level within minutes. Summer heat can be just as dangerous for pets as it is for people. ( ① ) First, always provide plenty of fresh water, and change it several times a day to keep it cool. ( ② ) Second, avoid walking your dog during the hottest hours, since hot pavement can burn sensitive paws. ( ③ ) Make sure your pet has access to a shaded or air-conditioned area at all times. ( ④ ) If your pet seems unusually tired or refuses to move, contact a veterinarian right away. Most importantly, never leave a pet alone in a parked car, even for a few minutes. ( ⑤ ) Following these guidelines will help your pet stay safe this summer.

Convenience installed today, in other words, can quietly become control tomorrow. City governments increasingly market dense networks of surveillance cameras as a straightforward safety upgrade, promising faster emergency response and lower crime rates. ( ① ) In many cases, the technology delivers exactly what it promises, helping investigators identify suspects within hours rather than weeks. ( ② ) Yet the same infrastructure that catches criminals also creates a permanent record of where ordinary, law-abiding citizens go about their daily lives. ( ③ ) Once a camera network exists, its purpose can quietly expand, often without new public debate or explicit approval. ( ④ ) Civil liberties groups argue that a city should decide how much surveillance it wants before the cameras go up, not years afterward when the infrastructure is already impossible to remove. ( ⑤ )

None of these individual passersby, however, has any direct evidence that the food itself is worth the wait. Consider how a line forms outside a small restaurant on an otherwise quiet street. ( ① ) The first few patrons may have arrived simply because of a personal recommendation or a delayed reservation, factors entirely unrelated to the restaurant's actual quality. ( ② ) As the line grows, passersby begin to notice it and, assuming that such popularity must be earned, decide to join the queue themselves. ( ③ ) Each additional person who joins makes the line appear even more compelling to the next passerby, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of imitation. ( ④ ) They are, in effect, relying entirely on the visible behavior of strangers as a proxy for information they do not personally possess. ( ⑤ ) The restaurant's true culinary merit, whatever it may be, has become almost irrelevant to the continued growth of the line.