영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Internet activist Eli Pariser introduced the term filter bubble to describe a phenomenon ①created by online algorithms. Social media platforms and search engines constantly track which links users click and how long they linger on certain posts. Based on this data, algorithms predict what each individual is most likely ②to enjoy and quietly prioritize similar content in future results. As a result, two people who type the same search query can receive strikingly different results, each ③tailoring to personal history. This automatic filtering happens silently, without users ever ④deciding to limit what they see. Consequently, many people gradually lose access to viewpoints ⑤that challenge their existing beliefs, even though they never intended to avoid them.

A few years ago, spotting a manipulated video ①required a trained eye and specialized software. Today, freely available applications allow almost anyone ②to swap a face or fabricate a voice convincingly enough to fool casual viewers within minutes. This shift has quietly undermined one of the oldest assumptions in human communication: that seeing and hearing something ③are a reasonably reliable way to confirm it happened. Journalists now face the burden of ④verifying footage that once would have been accepted as self-evident proof. Perhaps more troubling than any single fake video is the broader effect on public trust, in which genuine footage can ⑤be dismissed as fabricated simply because deepfakes exist.

Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying enormous collections of existing human work, much of ①which was created without the artists' knowledge or consent. Supporters of the technology argue that this process ②resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters, absorbing style and technique rather than copying specific pieces. Critics respond that the comparison ③breaks down at scale: a single AI model can absorb millions of works in days and then generate outputs that directly compete with the very artists whose work ④trained it. Courts around the world are now ⑤ask to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as infringement.

Many students wonder why club activities matter so much for their school life record, a document ①that summarizes what a student did during each semester. Whenever students take part in a club, their teacher writes a short note ②describing what role they played and how they grew. For example, a student ③who organized a club exhibition might be described as someone who showed strong leadership and creativity. These notes are not simply a list of activities; they explain the process behind each achievement. Therefore, admissions officers at universities read the record carefully ④understand a student's genuine interests, not just their grades. In contrast, a club membership with no real participation rarely leaves a meaningful impression. This is why teachers encourage students ⑤to take an active role rather than joining a club only for its name.

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a ①fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply transforms them. Historical evidence offers some ②comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, giving workers ③ample time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. A factory worker displaced this year cannot simply wait for a new industry to emerge decades from now. For this reason, many economists argue that the real ④challenge is not the robots themselves, but the ⑤sluggish speed at which society is expected to adapt to them.

Conventional economic wisdom holds that more options are always preferable to fewer. Empirical research on consumer behavior, however, complicates this assumption considerably. When shoppers are presented with an extensive array of choices, they frequently experience heightened anxiety about making the wrong selection and, paradoxically, become less likely to make any purchase or decision at all. Businesses that recognize this dynamic have begun deliberately curating smaller, carefully selected assortments, betting that ___________ can sometimes generate more sales and greater customer satisfaction than abundance.

The job market has changed dramatically over the past few decades, and it continues to shift every year. Many tasks once done entirely by humans are now shared with machines and computer programs. As a result, some traditional jobs have slowly disappeared, while entirely new positions have emerged to replace them. Adapting to these changes can feel stressful, but experts note that workers who ___________ tend to succeed regardless of which industry they choose.

Minjun used to leave half of his lunch tray full of untouched rice and vegetables every day. (A) However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a huge amount of waste. She compared uneaten food to money dropped carelessly on the street, which nobody bothers to pick up. (B) Last spring, his class started a campaign called "Clean Plate Day" to reduce food waste, but at first, Minjun thought it sounded boring and unnecessary for someone like him. (C) This comparison surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. He decided to take only what he could finish and to try new vegetables slowly. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always empty, and he felt proud of the change. Other students noticed his effort and began doing the same thing.

주어진 문장: Correcting this bias, therefore, requires more than good intentions or personal willpower. Anyone who has ever promised to finish a project "by Friday," only to still be working on it weeks later, has experienced the planning fallacy firsthand. ( ① ) This term describes the persistent tendency of individuals and organizations to underestimate how long a task will take, how much it will cost, and how many complications will inevitably arise. ( ② ) What makes this bias particularly stubborn is that awareness of past failures rarely leads to more accurate predictions; a construction firm that finished its last three projects late will often insist, with genuine confidence, that this next project will be different. ( ③ ) Researchers argue that planners focus almost exclusively on the specific steps of the current task while ignoring the broader statistical record of similar projects that came before. ( ④ ) One proposed remedy, known as reference class forecasting, requires planners to deliberately consult outcomes from comparable past projects rather than relying solely on their own optimistic intuition. ( ⑤ ) Until such external correction becomes standard practice, ambitious deadlines will likely continue to be broken with remarkable consistency.

주어진 문장: It was a small decision, but it suddenly felt like the beginning of something new. On the first day of the club fair, the gym was filled with noise and color. ① Every table had a banner, and members called out to new first-graders like me. My friend Somin dragged me toward the robotics club, insisting it would suit me. ② However, the long list of coding projects looked too complicated for a beginner. Just then, I noticed a quiet table where students were sketching posters together. ③ A calm senior named Jian explained that the art club welcomed complete beginners. She showed me a sketchbook filled with simple drawings by first-year members. ④ Her gentle voice made me feel relaxed for the first time that day. Without much thought, I wrote my name on the sign-up sheet before leaving. ⑤ Walking out of the gym, I finally felt that I belonged in this new school.