영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Earthquakes strike without any warning, which is exactly why the seconds immediately after the shaking begins ①matters more than any other moment in an emergency. Safety experts consistently teach the same three steps: drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until the shaking ②stops. Many people instinctively want to run outside during a quake, ③imagining that open space is always safer than a building. Furniture that seems merely inconvenient during a fire drill, such as a heavy desk, becomes a lifesaving shield when the ceiling above begins ④to crack. After the shaking stops, experts warn that the greatest remaining danger is often a damaged structure rather than a second earthquake, so calmly checking for hazards before moving is just as important as ⑤reacting quickly at the first tremor.

Electric scooters have become a common sight on city sidewalks, ①offering a quick way to cover short distances, yet most riders climb on without ever putting on a helmet. Part of the problem is that renting a scooter takes only a few taps on a phone screen, while finding and carrying a helmet ②requires planning that many riders simply skip. Emergency room doctors note that scooter-related head injuries have risen sharply in recent years, ③closely tracking the rise in scooter popularity itself. Unlike a bicycle, which typically requires balance skills built up over years of practice, an electric scooter can reach a surprising speed within seconds, often faster than new riders ④expecting from something that looks simple to operate. Cities that have begun requiring helmets for scooter rentals ⑤report a measurable drop in serious injuries.

Students often groan when a classic novel appears on their reading list, complaining that the language feels old-fashioned and the plot moves too ①slowly. It is true that classic literature can be ②easier to read than a modern bestseller written in casual, everyday language. Yet this very difficulty is part of why classics remain valuable for young readers today. Working through unfamiliar sentence patterns and vocabulary trains the brain to handle ③complex texts, a skill that transfers directly to other subjects and to standardized tests. Beyond language training, classic novels also explore themes such as jealousy, ambition, and loss that have not changed much across ④centuries. Readers often discover that a character written hundreds of years ago struggles with feelings that still feel ⑤familiar today.

For my birthday, my older sister took me to a small pottery studio where visitors can shape their own bowl or cup on a spinning wheel. I expected the wheel to do most of the difficult work automatically, since it was already spinning quickly by the time I sat down. My first attempt collapsed into a shapeless lump within seconds, because _______________. The instructor explained that beginners almost always press too hard on one side, which throws the entire piece off balance no matter how fast or slow the wheel spins. After nearly a dozen failed attempts, I finally produced a lopsided but recognizable cup, and the small imperfection along its rim somehow made me prouder of it than a perfectly smooth, machine-made mug ever could have. Clay, I learned that afternoon, rewards patience far more generously than it rewards force.

Every spring, our school holds an art exhibition in the main hallway, and this year I finally submitted a painting of my own. For weeks, I compared my work to my classmates' drawings and felt sure that mine was not good enough to hang beside theirs. My art teacher noticed my hesitation and said something I did not expect: _______________. On the morning the paintings went up, I walked past dozens of styles, from careful realistic portraits to messy, colorful abstractions, and none of them looked like mine. Standing in that crowded hallway, I finally understood that the exhibition's real purpose was not to rank the paintings, but to let students discover how many different perspectives could exist in a single shared space.

Extended producer responsibility, a policy requiring manufacturers to bear responsibility for their products even after use, has been adopted by governments seeking to reduce landfill waste. (A) Critics counter that the policy, whatever its theoretical merits, often fails to reduce waste meaningfully unless paired with rigorous enforcement and transparent reporting requirements. For instance, some manufacturers merely pass the added cost of compliance on to consumers, without making substantive changes to how products are designed. (B) Under such schemes, companies must finance the collection and recycling of goods once consumers discard them, rather than leaving municipalities to absorb the cost. Advocates maintain that shifting this burden onto producers creates a powerful incentive to design products that are more durable, easily disassembled, and readily recyclable from the outset. (C) In contrast, jurisdictions that combine producer responsibility with strict eco-design standards and independent audits tend to witness genuine improvements in recyclability. Therefore, policymakers hoping to harness this approach must resist treating it as self-executing and instead invest in oversight that determines whether producers actually change behavior.

Students who read many books across many different subjects often develop a habit that quieter learners sometimes lack: the habit of comparing new information with what they already know. (A) A student who has read about ancient wars, ocean ecosystems, and modern economics can more easily notice when two different subjects share a similar pattern. (B) This kind of connection-making is closely related to what psychologists call critical thinking, since seeing a familiar pattern in an unfamiliar topic allows a person to ask sharper questions instead of accepting new information at face value. (C) Extensive reading also builds a large mental library of examples, and teachers often notice that widely read students argue more carefully, supporting their opinions with specific examples rather than vague generalizations.

A shocking headline can spread across social media within minutes, long before anyone checks whether it is actually true. (A) Simple habits can make a real difference, such as looking for the original source of a claim and checking whether other trustworthy outlets are reporting the same story. (B) To handle this flood of information, students today need a skill that previous generations rarely had to practice: checking a source before believing it. (C) Studies show that false stories often travel faster than accurate ones, partly because surprising or emotional claims get shared more quickly than careful, balanced reporting.

In other words, sleep does not simply preserve what was learned but actively works to make sense of it. During sleep, the brain does not simply rest; it actively reorganizes the day's experiences into lasting memories through a process called consolidation. ( ① ) Newly formed memories are initially fragile and stored primarily in a brain region called the hippocampus, which has limited long-term capacity. ( ② ) While a person sleeps, particularly during the deep stages of non-REM sleep, neural activity replays these fresh memory traces in rapid, compressed sequences, gradually transferring the information to the cortex for more durable, long-term storage. This replay strengthens the connections between neurons that encoded the original experience, making the memory more resistant to interference from unrelated events the following day. ( ③ ) Sleep researchers have demonstrated this effect experimentally: participants who slept after learning a list of word pairs recalled more items the next day than participants who remained awake instead. ( ④ ) Crucially, the benefit was not limited to simple recall; sleep also seemed to help participants extract general patterns from the material, suggesting that consolidation involves more than passive storage. ( ⑤ )

As a result, many reluctant readers finish an entire graphic novel and then move on to longer books with new confidence. For many years, comic books and graphic novels were seen as a lazy alternative to real reading. ( ① ) Parents and teachers often worried that pictures did the work that words should do, leaving young readers with weaker vocabulary and imagination. ( ② ) Recent research, however, tells a more complicated story. Graphic novels actually require readers to combine written text with visual clues, inferring emotion from a character's expression or understanding time gaps between panels. ( ③ ) This combination can build a different but equally valuable set of reading skills. ( ④ ) Teachers who once banned comics from their classrooms are now using them to reach students who struggled with traditional novels. ( ⑤ ) Rather than replacing traditional reading, graphic novels appear to work best as a bridge that leads students toward it.