영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Skipping a proper warm-up before intense exercise might seem like a harmless way to save a few minutes, but the practice ①carries real physiological costs. A cold muscle is stiffer and less elastic than a warm one, making it considerably more prone to strains and tears when suddenly ②asked to contract forcefully. Gradually raising body temperature through light activity increases blood flow to the muscles, ③allowing oxygen to reach tissue more efficiently and enabling nerve signals to travel faster between the brain and the muscle fibers. A proper warm-up also raises heart rate gradually, ④easing the cardiovascular system into strenuous work rather than shocking it with a sudden demand. Athletes who warm up thoroughly tend to report better performance in the early minutes of competition, since their bodies are already primed rather than ⑤adjust on the fly.

Every October, Greenfield High School holds a festival that ①gives every club a chance to shine. This year's festival will take place on October 15th, ②ran from nine in the morning until four in the afternoon. Clubs ③that want to run a booth must apply to the student council by October 1st, since space in the gym is limited. The science club will present simple experiments ④that are both safe and exciting to watch. The art club, meanwhile, will display paintings that members have created throughout the semester. The cooking club plans ⑤to sell snacks prepared by its own members, and all the profits will be donated to a local shelter. Because many visitors are expected, teachers will supervise each booth carefully to keep students safe. Anyone curious about club life is warmly encouraged to visit and enjoy the festival.

Attention, students and teachers! Our school is starting a new campaign called 'Bring Your Own Bag.' Starting next Monday, the school store will no longer offer free plastic bags to customers. Instead, we ①encourage everyone to bring a reusable shopping bag from home. Plastic bags, which are made from petroleum, take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. In contrast, a cloth bag can be used again and again for many years. Therefore, using a reusable bag is a simple habit that ②protects sea animals and ③increases pollution. For example, students who bring their own bags will receive a small sticker as a ④reward. However, students who forget their bags may still purchase a paper bag for a small fee. We hope every student will join this easy and meaningful campaign. Thank you for helping our school become ⑤greener.

Students are frequently told that where they study makes little difference, provided that they put in enough hours. Cognitive research on memory retrieval, however, suggests that this advice ①clarifies an important process. According to the encoding specificity principle, information becomes intertwined with the context in which it was originally learned. Cues present during encoding therefore ②facilitate retrieval far more effectively than cues encountered elsewhere. A striking demonstration involved divers who memorized word lists either underwater or on dry land. When tested later, divers recalled substantially more words if the testing environment ③matched the original learning environment. This held true regardless of which environment that happened to be. This finding implies that reviewing material exclusively in a quiet bedroom may not ④adequately prepare a student for the noisy atmosphere of an actual examination hall. Rather than assuming that memorization is a context-free process, students ought to consider ⑤deliberately varying study locations and conditions.

The term green premium _______________. For example, an electric vehicle or solar-powered appliance often carries a higher price tag than its gasoline-powered or coal-based counterpart, even though it produces fewer emissions over time. This price gap frequently discourages shoppers who support sustainability in principle but cannot justify the additional expense within a limited household budget. In contrast, wealthier consumers can absorb the premium more easily, which creates unequal participation in green markets. To narrow this gap, governments have introduced subsidies and tax credits that lower upfront costs, while companies invest in research to make clean technologies cheaper to manufacture. As production scales up and innovation continues, many economists expect the green premium to shrink steadily, eventually making sustainable choices the more affordable option for most consumers.

Minjun used to leave half of his lunch tray full of untouched rice and vegetables every day. Last spring, his class started a campaign called "Clean Plate Day" to reduce food waste. At first, Minjun thought the campaign sounded boring and unnecessary for someone like him. However, his teacher explained that leftover food thrown away every day adds up to a huge amount of waste. She compared uneaten food to _______________. This comparison surprised Minjun because he had never thought about food that way before. He decided to take only what he could finish and to try new vegetables slowly. Within a few weeks, his tray was almost always empty, and he felt proud of the change. Other students noticed his effort and began doing the same thing.

Starting a new diary or planner in January is easy, but keeping it useful all year is harder. This guide offers simple tips for using a planner to manage your New Year goals: ___________. First, write one clear goal at the top of each month so you always remember your main target. Second, break that goal into small weekly tasks instead of writing vague plans. Third, check your planner every morning and mark tasks as done when you finish them, and review your notes every Sunday. Finally, do not worry if you skip a day, since staying consistent matters more than being perfect.

Traditional industrial systems have relied on a linear model of production, in which raw materials are extracted, transformed into goods, and eventually discarded as waste. This approach treats natural resources as if unlimited and disposal as if costless. (A) Because such practices lessen dependence on finite raw materials, they reduce the environmental damage caused by mining. Consequently, the circular economy is increasingly regarded as a viable economic strategy that conserves resources for future generations. (B) A circular economy proposes an alternative framework in which materials are kept in continuous use through reuse, repair, and recycling, thereby reducing the extraction of virgin resources. Central to this model is the notion that waste, rather than being an inevitable byproduct, can be redesigned as a resource for another process, much as fallen leaves nourish the trees that shed them. (C) For example, manufacturers design products so that components can be disassembled and reused in new items once their original function ends. Some companies also lease equipment instead of selling it outright, retaining responsibility for refurbishment.

주어진 문장: No individual, he pointed out, could realistically process every piece of available information before choosing. Classical economic theory long assumed that decision makers gather all relevant information, calculate every possible outcome, and select the single option that maximizes their benefit. ( ① ) Herbert Simon, however, questioned this assumption, arguing that human beings operate under real constraints of time, knowledge, and mental capacity that make such exhaustive calculation practically impossible. ( ② ) Instead of searching endlessly for the theoretically perfect choice, people typically stop once they find an option that seems good enough to meet their immediate needs, a strategy Simon termed satisficing. ( ③ ) A shopper comparing refrigerators, for example, rarely examines every model available; she instead sets a few practical criteria, such as price and size, and selects the first appliance that satisfies them adequately. ( ④ ) This approach is not a failure of reasoning but rather a sensible adaptation to a world where information is costly and time is genuinely limited. ( ⑤ ) Consequently, models assuming unlimited rationality often fail to predict actual behavior, while frameworks acknowledging these cognitive boundaries offer a far more realistic account of how ordinary decisions are actually made.

주어진 문장: This is because clear goals give the brain a specific target to focus on. Have you ever wondered why some people stay motivated while others give up quickly? ( ① ) The answer often lies in whether they have a clear goal. ( ② ) When people have no specific goal, they usually feel confused about where to start, and their interest fades within days. ( ③ ) For example, a student who simply decides to study harder this year often loses direction because the plan is too vague. ( ④ ) In contrast, a student who sets a clear goal, such as raising an English score by ten points, knows exactly what to do every day. ( ⑤ ) A clear goal also makes progress easy to measure, and noticing small improvements keeps people encouraged.