영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A navigation app calculating a route rarely relies on distance alone; instead, it constantly weighs real-time traffic reports, past congestion patterns for that time of day, and even data from other drivers' phones currently on the road. This flood of information allows the app to ①reroute a driver away from a sudden accident within seconds, often before the driver has any idea the accident occurred at all. The convenience comes at a ②cost that few passengers consider, however. When thousands of drivers are simultaneously redirected onto the same shortcut, that quiet side street can quickly become as ③congested as the highway it was meant to help travelers avoid. Residents of these once-quiet neighborhoods have increasingly ④complained about the sudden surge of unfamiliar traffic, arguing that an algorithm optimizing for individual convenience can end up ⑤solving a new, entirely different problem for the wider community.

As governments and companies work to address climate change, a new category of employment known as green jobs has expanded rapidly. Critics point out that transitioning workers from fossil fuel industries to green jobs is not always simple, since the required skills can differ significantly. Governments are therefore introducing training programs designed to help such workers shift smoothly into renewable energy careers. As climate goals become more urgent worldwide, ___________.

When engineers design the software that controls a self-driving car, they face a question philosophers have debated for decades: should a crashing vehicle protect its own passenger, or minimize total harm even at the passenger's expense? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This suggests that _______________. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles are allowed to make such decisions.

More and more teenagers today dream of starting their own business someday. Some students design and sell handmade jewelry online, while others create simple mobile apps as a hobby. Starting a small business also teaches skills that traditional classes rarely offer, such as managing money, marketing a product, and handling customer complaints. However, young entrepreneurs face real challenges too, and mistakes can feel discouraging at first. Still, most teen entrepreneurs say that ___________. For this reason, schools are beginning to offer entrepreneurship clubs, giving students a safe space to test their business ideas.

The discovery of CRISPR gene-editing technology gave scientists a tool precise enough to correct a single mistaken letter in the human genome. Yet editing a gene in a sperm, egg, or early embryo does not simply change one patient; it alters the genetic code passed down to every future generation. Scientific organizations around the world have therefore drawn a careful line, permitting gene editing to treat disease in existing patients while banning any edit that would be inherited by their descendants. Critics worry, however, that _______________.

Every time a smartphone connects to a network, it records a data point that can later map where its owner has been. The real danger emerges when location data from multiple sources is combined. Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly shown that _______________. As a result, privacy experts increasingly insist that location data deserves the same legal protection as medical records.

This dopamine-driven cycle explains why so many people check their phones dozens of times throughout the day without even realizing it. (A) Neuroscientists have found that the anticipation of a possible reward, not the reward itself, produces the strongest dopamine response in the brain. (B) In other words, the brief moment of waiting to see how many likes a post receives can feel more exciting than the actual number that appears. (C) Because this anticipation is so powerful, technology designers intentionally build delays and randomness into how notifications are delivered.

Until clearer rules emerge, artists, developers, and publishers remain locked in a legal gray zone that satisfies almost no one. Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying enormous collections of existing human work, much of which was created without the artists' knowledge or consent. ( ① ) Supporters of the technology argue that this process resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters. ( ② ) Critics respond that the comparison breaks down at scale, since a single AI model can absorb millions of works in days. ( ③ ) Courts around the world are now being asked to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as infringement. ( ④ ) This is a question the law was never designed to answer. ( ⑤ )

Because the two sums occupy entirely separate mental categories, the household feels no contradiction in treating them so differently. Consider a household that maintains two separate financial habits that, from a purely economic standpoint, appear difficult to reconcile. ( ① ) On one hand, the household carefully sets aside a fixed percentage of its income each month into a long-term retirement account, resisting any temptation to withdraw from it early. ( ② ) On the other hand, the same household carries a persistent balance on a credit card, paying a substantial interest rate simply for the convenience of short-term borrowing. ( ③ ) A purely rational calculation would suggest withdrawing a small amount from savings to eliminate the higher-interest debt, since the interest earned on savings is far lower than the interest owed on the card. ( ④ ) Yet the household rarely considers this option, since retirement savings are mentally categorized as untouchable while credit card debt is treated as a separate, ongoing obligation. ( ⑤ ) This example illustrates how mental accounting can lead to financial choices that persist despite being demonstrably suboptimal.

That single moment made me forget my nervousness completely. Last spring, I joined a one-day job experience program at a local hospital. ( ① ) A kind nurse named Ms. Park showed me around the ward and explained her daily duties. ( ② ) At first, I was nervous about talking to real patients, but I helped an elderly patient find her room. ( ③ ) The busiest moment came when several patients needed attention at once, and the nurses worked together calmly. ( ④ ) I realized that teamwork matters as much as medical knowledge. ( ⑤ ) By the end of the day, my interest in nursing had grown even stronger.