영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Blockchain technology was originally promoted as a way ①to remove the need for trusted middlemen, allowing strangers to exchange value directly and verify transactions through a shared, tamper-resistant ledger rather than through a bank or government agency. In theory, this design ②distributes power away from any single institution and toward the network as a whole. In practice, however, a small number of large players have come to dominate many blockchain networks, ③controlled enough computing power or currency to influence outcomes that were supposed to be decided collectively. Critics note a further irony: when something goes wrong, there is often no institution left ④to appeal to, since the entire system was designed precisely to eliminate that kind of central authority. Whether decentralization can survive this concentration of power ⑤remains one of the technology's most unresolved questions.

Value-based consumption refers to the practice of spending money on products or experiences ①that align with a person's personal beliefs, even if cheaper alternatives exist. Some critics dismiss this approach as impractical, ②arguing that most people cannot afford to prioritize ethics over affordability in daily life. However, supporters point out that value-based spending does not require constant sacrifice; it often means ③buying fewer, higher-quality items rather than accumulating cheap goods that wear out quickly. This shift also encourages companies ④improve their practices, since consumer demand increasingly rewards transparency and responsibility. For example, a clothing brand that openly shares its supply chain information may attract loyal customers ⑤willing to pay slightly more.

Minji had tried for years to build a bedtime reading habit but always forgot once under the blanket. During summer, she found a method called habit stacking. It means attaching a new habit to an existing one so it acts as a reminder. Her existing habit was brushing her teeth every night, so she decided to place her book beside her toothbrush. After brushing her teeth, she would pick up the book, letting one action trigger the next. Within two weeks, opening the book after brushing felt almost automatic, requiring no conscious effort. Encouraged by this success, Minji stacked another habit onto her morning routine, reviewing vocabulary words after making her bed. She realized ___________. By the end of summer, both habits felt like steady parts of her routine, requiring no reminders.

Psychologists who study daily behavior describe habits through a model called the cue-routine-reward loop. This theory explains that every habit begins with a cue, a signal that tells the brain to start an automatic behavior. The brain then performs a routine, which is the action itself, whether physical or mental. Finally, the brain receives a reward, a positive feeling that makes it want to repeat the same behavior. For example, a notification sound can act as a cue that leads a student to check a phone, and the relief from boredom becomes the reward. Similarly, opening a refrigerator out of habit rather than hunger shows how a routine can run without conscious thought. Because this loop operates automatically, breaking a bad habit requires ___________. Understanding this structure helps people redesign daily patterns more effectively than relying on willpower alone.

Every spring, the volunteer club at our school introduces new members to its most popular project: the nursing home visit program. (A) For example, one member always brings her ukulele and plays simple songs that the residents remember from their youth. (B) As a result, both the students and the elderly residents look forward to these visits every month. (C) During each visit, members are encouraged to bring a small talent or hobby to share with the residents.

Nomophobia, short for "no-mobile-phone phobia," describes the intense anxiety many people feel when they are separated from their smartphones. (A) For instance, some individuals check their phones every few minutes even when they know no one has contacted them, simply to ease this fear. (B) This anxiety often includes physical symptoms such as a racing heart or sweating, especially when the phone's battery is running low or its signal disappears. (C) Because of these effects, experts recommend gradually limiting phone use to build tolerance for being disconnected.

Some athletes, in fact, experience excessive fatigue at altitude that undermines the very training they hoped to complete. Athletes preparing for major endurance events sometimes train for weeks at high altitude, where the air contains less oxygen than at sea level, in hopes of gaining a physiological edge once they return to compete at lower elevations. ( ① ) In this thin air, the body responds by producing more red blood cells, which carry oxygen more efficiently through the bloodstream to working muscles. ( ② ) When these athletes return to sea level, where oxygen is more abundant, their blood retains this elevated capacity for a limited period, potentially translating into improved endurance performance. ( ③ ) However, the benefits of altitude training are far from guaranteed, since individual athletes respond quite differently to the same conditions. ( ④ ) Many elite programs therefore follow a strategy known as live high, train low, in which athletes sleep at altitude to stimulate blood adaptations but perform intense workouts at lower elevation to maintain quality and intensity. ( ⑤ )

That single moment made me forget my nervousness completely. Last spring, I joined a one-day job experience program at a local hospital. ( ① ) A kind nurse named Ms. Park showed me around the ward and explained her daily duties. ( ② ) At first, I was nervous about talking to real patients, but I helped an elderly patient find her room. ( ③ ) The busiest moment came when several patients needed attention at once, and the nurses worked together calmly. ( ④ ) I realized that teamwork matters as much as medical knowledge. ( ⑤ ) By the end of the day, my interest in nursing had grown even stronger.

주어진 문장: Slowly, though, she began to question whether all of these possessions truly made her life better. Jina used to fill her apartment with items she rarely used, believing that owning more things would make her happier. ( ① ) After moving twice within a single year, she grew exhausted from packing boxes filled with clothes she had never worn and gadgets she had forgotten she owned. ( ② ) Frustrated, she decided to try a minimalist lifestyle, keeping only objects that served a clear purpose or brought her genuine joy. ( ③ ) At first, friends questioned why she was giving away perfectly good furniture and clothing. ( ④ ) Gradually, however, she noticed that her small apartment felt calmer and easier to manage. ( ⑤ ) She also realized that she spent significantly less money once she stopped buying things impulsively to fill emotional gaps.

She answered without hesitation, saying that architecture had been her dream since childhood. For a class project, I interviewed a local architect who has worked in the field for over fifteen years. ( ① ) I asked her why she chose this career. ( ② ) She explained that architects must balance creativity with practical concerns like safety and cost. ( ③ ) When I asked about challenges, she mentioned that clients sometimes change their minds after a design is finished. ( ④ ) She also advised students to visit construction sites whenever possible, since seeing a real building take shape teaches lessons no classroom can offer. ( ⑤ ) Her passion made me consider design as a possible career for myself.