영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

문제 1

The Greenfield Public Library will offer a variety of special programs for students during summer vacation. The reading club encourages children to read at least one book per week and ①hide their thoughts from others. The writing workshop helps older students ②improve their essay skills. All programs are free, but registration is required in advance because space is ③limited. Interested students should sign up at the front desk or through the library's website. Materials such as notebooks and pencils will be provided for ④every session, so students can make the most of their ⑤vacation.

문제 2

Few ideas in policy debate provoke as much philosophical unease as the notion that a government might ①deliberately steer citizens toward better choices while leaving every option technically available. Defenders insist that freedom is ②preserved as long as no option is banned and no penalty is attached, arguing that a citizen who is merely steered, rather than coerced, remains free to choose otherwise. Critics counter that this defense rests on an ③impoverished notion of liberty, one that ignores how engineered defaults and calculated framing can shape decisions just as powerfully as an outright prohibition would. If a policy is designed because officials expect it to bypass conscious deliberation, these critics ask, can the resulting choice still be called ④autonomous, even though no law was broken? The dispute ultimately turns on what freedom actually requires: the mere absence of coercion, or a decision-making process that remains ⑤opaque and undistorted.

문제 3

When workers receive a five percent raise in a year when prices have climbed five percent as well, their real purchasing power has not changed at all, yet many still report feeling noticeably better off. (A) Employers exploit this pattern by favoring modest nominal raises over deeper structural adjustments, since a visible increase on a payslip satisfies employees more effectively than an explanation about inflation could. (B) The illusion persists even among people who claim to understand inflation well, which suggests that the bias operates at an intuitive level that formal knowledge does not easily override. (C) This tendency to judge economic well-being by nominal figures printed on a paycheck, rather than by what that money can actually purchase, is known among economists as money illusion.

문제 4

At first, Minji did not know how to fix the tension she had caused during rehearsals. (A) Soon, other members began doing the same, and rehearsals felt warmer than before. (B) She decided to start each practice by praising one small thing a classmate had done well. (C) The next day, she tried her new idea, and the room grew quiet as everyone listened.

문제 5

As private companies develop the technology to mine asteroids for rare metals and water, a legal question once confined to science fiction has suddenly become urgent: who, if anyone, owns the resources of outer space? (A) Some governments have already passed domestic laws granting their own companies rights to material mined in space, a move other nations view as a unilateral attempt to settle a shared question. (B) Existing international treaties state that no nation may claim sovereignty over celestial bodies, but they say remarkably little about whether a private company may extract and sell what it finds there. (C) Supporters of space mining argue that new resources could ease shortages on Earth, while critics warn that treating space as an open frontier for extraction risks repeating past mistakes.

문제 6

Walking through the old industrial district downtown, I noticed that a gray concrete wall had been transformed overnight into a wild swirl of color, letters, and cartoon figures. (A) Some residents complained to the city office, calling it vandalism and demanding that workers paint over it immediately. (B) Others argued that the same wall had been an ugly, forgotten eyesore for years, and that the graffiti artist had simply given it a voice no one else bothered to give it. (C) This disagreement reveals a tension at the heart of street art: without permission, even a skillful piece can be labeled a crime, yet many cities now invite artists to paint designated walls legally.

문제 7

주어진 문장: This pattern echoes what happened during previous waves of industrial automation. Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly visible. ( ① ) Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. ( ② ) At the same time, millions of professional drivers worry about losing their jobs as automation spreads through the industry. ( ③ ) Experts predict that certain driving jobs, particularly long-distance trucking, may shrink significantly within the next two decades. However, new roles are also emerging, including remote vehicle operators and technicians who maintain the complex sensors these vehicles depend on. ( ④ ) Workers who adapt their skills toward supervising and maintaining these systems are likely to find new opportunities rather than face unemployment. ( ⑤ )

문제 8

Whenever a user marks a message as spam or rescues a message mistakenly filtered out, that action becomes new training data, sharpening the filter's future decisions. Every day, email providers quietly block billions of unwanted messages before they ever reach a user's inbox, a task that would be impossible without an AI filtering system running constantly in the background. ( ① ) The filter examines each incoming message for suspicious patterns, including certain keywords, unusual sender addresses, and formatting tricks that scammers commonly rely on to slip past detection. ( ② ) What makes the system effective is that it keeps learning after launch. ( ③ ) This creates a constant back-and-forth, since spammers study which messages get blocked and then adjust their wording to slip through again. ( ④ ) As a result, spam filtering is less like a fixed wall and more like an ongoing contest, with each side continuously adapting to outsmart the other. ( ⑤ )

문제 9

주어진 문장: In other words, a single aggregate score cannot reveal which specific resource is actually under strain. The ecological footprint, a widely cited measure of how much biologically productive land and water a population requires to sustain its consumption, has become one of the most familiar tools for communicating humanity's environmental impact. By converting diverse activities, from driving to eating meat, into a single unit of land area, the measure allows policymakers to grasp whether a lifestyle exceeds what the planet can regenerate. ① This simplicity, however, is also the source of its most persistent criticism. ② Because the footprint aggregates dissimilar impacts, such as carbon emissions and water scarcity, into one composite figure, it can obscure important differences among problems that require distinct policy responses. ③ A region might reduce its footprint by lowering carbon emissions while simultaneously depleting a local aquifer, yet the aggregate number could still appear to improve, concealing damage that demands urgent attention. ④ Furthermore, the method assumes that all bio-productive land is roughly interchangeable, treating a hectare of forest as equivalent to a hectare of farmland, even though the two provide markedly different ecological functions. ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

문제 10

In other instances, the danger came not from the immune system at all but from where the new gene happened to land. For patients born with a single faulty gene, the disease has traditionally been treated indirectly, managing symptoms for a lifetime rather than addressing the genetic error itself. ( ① ) Gene therapy attempts something more ambitious: delivering a corrected copy of the gene directly into a patient's cells, often using a disabled virus stripped of its ability to cause illness as a delivery vehicle. ( ② ) Once inside the nucleus, the corrected gene can begin producing the protein the patient's body had always lacked, in some cases reversing symptoms that medication alone had never been able to touch. ( ③ ) Early trials were haunted by serious setbacks, including cases in which the delivery virus triggered a dangerous immune reaction. ( ④ ) The virus, in such cases, inserted the new gene in a spot that disrupted other essential genes. ( ⑤ ) Refined delivery methods have since made the treatment considerably safer, and regulators in several countries have now approved gene therapies for a small but growing number of rare inherited disorders.