영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Drinking enough water ①are especially important during the hot summer months. When you sweat a lot, your body loses not only water but also important minerals ②called electrolytes. If you do not replace these losses, you may feel tired, dizzy, or ③even suffer from muscle cramps. It is best ④to avoid sugary drinks and too much caffeine, since they can make dehydration worse. Eating water-rich fruits and vegetables ⑤can also help you stay hydrated.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter introduced an idea that seems contradictory at first glance, known as the strength of weak ties. According to this theory, people who see each other only occasionally, called weak ties, often ①provide more valuable information than close friends or family members, who are considered strong ties. This happens because strong ties tend to share the same social circles and, therefore, already possess similar knowledge. Weak ties, in contrast, move within different networks, which ②allows them to introduce ideas or opportunities that would otherwise remain unknown. For example, a former classmate rarely contacted might mention a job opening unavailable through one's immediate circle. Social media platforms have made maintaining such connections remarkably easier, letting users ③keeping hundreds of loose acquaintances active without frequent face-to-face meetings. Consequently, these platforms function as efficient channels through which weak ties continue ④delivering fresh opportunities that close relationships simply cannot ⑤offer.

Have you ever thrown away an old pair of jeans simply because they no longer fit? Instead of ①discarding them, many people now turn old items into something new and useful. This creative process, ②called upcycling, transforms unwanted objects into products with greater value than before. For example, a worn pair of jeans can be cut and sewn into a sturdy bag or a small pouch. Old wooden pallets, ③once using for shipping, are often rebuilt into simple furniture such as tables and shelves. However, upcycling differs from ordinary recycling, ④which usually breaks materials down before making something new. In upcycling, the original material keeps most of its form while ⑤gaining a fresh purpose.

Good afternoon, everyone! Our town invites students to join a special tree-planting volunteer day next month. This event aims to ①restore a small forest damaged by last year's fire near the river. Volunteers will meet at the community center at nine in the morning and travel together by bus. Please wear old clothes and shoes that you do not mind getting dirty during the activity. Each participant will plant three young trees, guided by experienced forest rangers throughout the morning. For example, rangers will show volunteers how to dig ②proper holes without harming the tree roots. In contrast, planting too shallowly often causes young trees to ③die within a few months. Therefore, careful instructions must be followed ④closely by every volunteer. Water and snacks, prepared by the town office, will be provided for ⑤costly.

The twenty-hour rule proposes that years of practice are not needed to become skilled at a new activity. Only about twenty hours of effort are needed to reach a ①worthless level. Unlike theories claiming true mastery requires ten thousand hours, this rule targets a more ②modest goal. That goal is simple competence for everyday use. According to supporters, practicing any new skill produces the ③fastest visible improvement, since a beginner has room to grow. Advocates emphasize that the twenty hours must be ④deliberate and focused, broken into short daily sessions rather than one long stretch. The hours should be aimed at fixing weaknesses rather than ⑤repeating what one already knows.

Anyone designing a presentation, a curriculum, or a grocery list should attend to a well-documented pattern in human memory known as the serial position effect. When people are asked to recall items from a list right after studying it, they consistently remember the items presented at the beginning and end far better than those buried in the middle. The advantage for early items, called the primacy effect, arises because those items receive more rehearsal and are more likely to be transferred into long-term storage before subsequent items compete for attention. The advantage for final items, known as the recency effect, occurs because those items remain accessible in short-term memory at the moment of recall. Middle items suffer because they must compete for limited rehearsal opportunities while lacking the stability afforded by extended processing. Communicators who ignore this pattern risk burying their most important point where it will predictably be forgotten. A more effective strategy, therefore, _______________.

Last spring, Minji joined a new club at her school called the Green Runners. Every Saturday morning, the members jog around the neighborhood park while picking up trash. This activity, called plogging, combines jogging with cleaning up litter from the streets. At first, Minji felt embarrassed to pick up garbage in front of other people. However, _______________. For example, the group collected more than twenty bags of trash during their first month together. Picking up litter while running is like turning an ordinary workout into a meaningful mission. Minji's legs grew tired, but her heart felt proud after every session. Now, she encourages her friends, who used to tease her, to join the club as well. Minji believes that small habits, practiced together, can change a whole community.

Understanding the perfectionism-procrastination cycle can help students break free from a frustrating pattern of delay. (A) This fear does not mean perfectionists lack motivation; rather, it pushes them to delay the task in order to avoid confronting their own high standards. (B) As a result, many perfectionists end up completing work at the last possible moment, which paradoxically increases the likelihood of the very mistakes they feared. (C) When someone holds unrealistic expectations for a task, the fear of falling short often becomes so intense that starting the task itself feels dangerous.

주어진 문장: In contrast, throwing away useful items increases the amount of trash that ends up in landfills. Many people throw away items that they no longer need. ① However, some students have started to buy and sell used goods instead of throwing them away. ② This practice, often called secondhand trading, takes place at flea markets or through simple online apps. When you buy a secondhand book or a used bicycle, you save money and reduce waste at the same time. For example, a jacket that no longer fits your older sibling can become a treasure for someone else. Giving an old item to a new owner is like giving a toy a second life. ③ Therefore, secondhand trading, which requires little effort, protects both your wallet and the environment. ④ Small choices like this can make a big difference for our planet. ⑤

주어진 문장: In contrast, downward comparison, which involves comparing oneself with someone worse off, can temporarily boost self-esteem instead. Psychologist Leon Festinger introduced social comparison theory, which explains that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves with others. ( ① ) According to this theory, individuals engage in upward comparison when they measure themselves against someone who appears more successful, attractive, or accomplished. ( ② ) Social media platforms, filled with carefully edited photos and exaggerated achievements, provide endless opportunities for this kind of comparison. ( ③ ) For instance, a teenager browsing vacation pictures posted by classmates may begin to feel that her own ordinary life is somehow inadequate. ( ④ ) Unlike comparing oneself with someone in a similar position, which can sometimes boost confidence, upward comparison frequently triggers envy, dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. ( ⑤ ) Researchers have found that frequent upward comparison online is linked to higher depression and anxiety. Consequently, this theory helps explain why scrolling through social media often leaves users feeling worse rather than better about themselves.