영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Psychologist John Suler proposed a concept called the online disinhibition effect, ①describing how people behave differently on the internet than they do face to face. Because usernames often hide real identities and screens ②create physical distance from others, individuals feel freer to express themselves without immediate social consequences. This freedom can be beneficial, allowing shy people to share honest feelings they would normally hesitate ③to reveal in person. However, the same anonymity frequently produces a darker outcome, encouraging users to post cruel comments they would never say to someone's face. Malicious remarks left under celebrities' photos or news articles ④illustrates how quickly this behavior can spread once a few users set the tone. Such comments often cause severe emotional harm to the people who ⑤receive them.

Two years ago, I began volunteering at an animal shelter near my neighborhood on weekends. My tasks included feeding animals, cleaning cages, and helping visitors choose a pet to adopt. Over time, I noticed how much I ①enjoyed calming nervous or injured animals. One rainy afternoon, a frightened puppy refused to eat, and I sat quietly beside it for over an hour until it finally ②relaxed. Watching the puppy trust me changed something inside me. I began researching careers in veterinary medicine and animal behavior, subjects I had ③frequently considered before. My volunteer work, which started as a simple ④hobby, slowly turned into the ⑤clearest career direction I had ever found.

The Riverside Summer Festival will take place from August 1st to August 3rd at Riverside Park. This annual event offers a variety of programs for visitors of all ages, and admission is ①free for everyone. During the day, local farmers will sell fresh fruits and handmade crafts at outdoor booths, and in the evening, live music performances will ②entertain the crowd. Visitors are encouraged to bring their own water bottles, since most areas of the park ③allow vehicles freely. Parking near the park is ④limited, so using public transportation is strongly recommended. Organizers hope this festival will bring the community ⑤together for a memorable summer weekend.

On January 1st, I decided to become a healthier person and wrote down three goals: exercising three times a week, reading one book every month, and sleeping before midnight. During the first week, I felt ①excited and followed my plan without any trouble. However, by the second week, I began skipping my morning jogs because I felt too ②tired after school. My friend Mina noticed that I looked discouraged, so she offered to exercise with me after class. Having a partner made the habit much ③harder to keep, and I also moved my book onto my desk instead of my phone, which helped me read every night. By the end of January, I had ④finished two books and jogged more than ten times, and I felt genuinely ⑤proud of the progress I had made.

Communication scholar Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann proposed the spiral of silence theory to explain why certain opinions dominate public discussion while others fade into invisibility. According to this theory, individuals constantly observe their surrounding environment to judge which opinions are widely accepted and which are not. When people sense that their own view belongs to a minority, they often choose to stay silent rather than risk social isolation or criticism. This silence, however, creates a distorted impression that the minority opinion is even rarer than it actually is, discouraging additional supporters from speaking up. Over time, this cycle spirals downward, allowing the dominant opinion to appear increasingly unanimous while dissenting voices disappear from visible conversation. Social media platforms can intensify this spiral, since visibility metrics make popular opinions instantly noticeable while unpopular ones remain hidden. Consequently, some users _______________.

Last spring, a small cosmetics brand opened a pop-up store in a busy shopping district for just two weeks. Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. Word spread quickly through social media as customers shared images of the unusual setting with their friends and followers. Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special and worth attending in person. Many admitted they had never previously purchased from the brand but decided to buy something simply to remember the visit. When the two weeks ended, the brand reported a significant increase in both sales and social media followers. Encouraged by these results, ___________.

Many countries and companies today have adopted the goal of carbon neutrality, aiming to balance the greenhouse gases they emit with the amount they remove from the atmosphere. (A) Achieving this goal typically requires several sequential stages rather than a single sudden action; first, organizations attempt to reduce emissions directly by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. (B) Critics argue, however, that some companies exploit offsetting too early, using it to avoid making genuine reductions, so experts insist that a credible roadmap must always prioritize actual emission cuts before relying on compensation. (C) Next, they improve efficiency throughout their operations, minimizing the energy wasted during production and transportation, and only after these measures have been maximized do most organizations turn to offsetting, funding outside projects such as reforestation.

Job seekers often assume that their closest friends will be the most helpful source of career advice. (A) In fact, studies show that a surprising number of job offers come through acquaintances met only briefly at conferences or previous workplaces. (B) However, close friends usually work in the same field or social circle, so their knowledge of new openings tends to overlap with what the job seeker already knows. (C) This is because such acquaintances belong to different professional circles, giving them access to information that never reaches close friends.

This is because waiting for paramedics to arrive can cost a student the few minutes that make the difference between recovery and tragedy. A food allergy can turn an ordinary snack shared between classmates into a medical emergency within minutes, which is why schools now take ingredient labels more seriously than they once did. ( ① ) For someone with a severe allergy, even a trace amount of the wrong ingredient, transferred by a shared spoon or an unwashed hand, can trigger a reaction that closes the airway and becomes life-threatening if untreated. ( ② ) Friends of allergic students sometimes assume that a small bite would not cause serious harm, not realizing that the amount needed to trigger anaphylaxis can be smaller than a crumb. ( ③ ) Recognizing the early signs, such as swelling around the lips, hives, or sudden difficulty breathing, allows classmates and teachers to act before the reaction becomes severe. ( ④ ) Many schools now train staff to use an epinephrine auto-injector, a device that can reverse a dangerous reaction within seconds. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Every choice, from filters to captions, is carefully calculated to create a favorable impression on viewers. Sociologist Erving Goffman argued that people constantly perform for others, much like actors managing their image on a stage, a concept known as impression management. ( ① ) This idea applies vividly to social media, where users select flattering photos and delete posts that might damage their reputation. ( ② ) Such careful curation allows people to present an idealized version of themselves that emphasizes achievements while hiding struggles or ordinary moments. ( ③ ) However, when this performance becomes constant, a troubling gap can form between one's authentic self and the polished character displayed online. ( ④ ) Maintaining that gap requires considerable emotional energy, and studies suggest it often leads to anxiety and exhaustion. ( ⑤ ) Furthermore, comparing one's own carefully staged life to others' equally staged posts can distort what people believe is normal. Therefore, individuals should recognize that some self-presentation online is inevitable, but they must also protect space where imperfection is allowed to remain visible.