영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

During the hottest weeks of summer, the city operates free cooling centers for anyone ①who needs a break from the heat. These cooling centers, located in community halls and public libraries, ②provided air-conditioned spaces where visitors can rest comfortably. Most cooling centers ③are open from nine in the morning until six in the evening, seven days a week. Visitors can enjoy free drinking water, read newspapers, or ④simply relax in a cool environment. City officials encourage residents ⑤to check the nearest location on the city website before visiting.

Many households save far less for retirement than conventional financial advice would recommend, not necessarily because they ①lacks the resources to do so, but because a combination of procrastination, present bias, and the discomfort of forgoing current consumption repeatedly delays the decision to begin saving. Recognizing this gap between intention and action, some economists have proposed a savings program in which employees commit today to ②allocating a portion of their future salary increases toward retirement savings, rather than being asked to reduce their current take-home pay immediately. Because the sacrifice applies only to income not yet received, the commitment ③feels far less painful than an equivalent reduction in present earnings would, making employees considerably more willing to enroll. Once enrolled, the contribution rate automatically rises with each subsequent raise, ④gradually increasing savings without requiring any further deliberate action from participants. Field trials of such programs have reported substantial increases in average savings rates over several years, alongside participant satisfaction that ⑤remains notably high.

For instance, the number one usually stands for ①clear plastic bottles, while the number five represents thicker containers like yogurt cups. Without checking the label, you might buy something ②unhealthy by mistake. Likewise, throwing plastic away without checking its mark can send a ③disposable item straight to a landfill. Therefore, taking a few seconds to check the mark before throwing something away makes recycling far more ④effective for everyone ⑤involved.

As a result, the ads that appear on a person's screen often feel remarkably ①specific, sometimes referencing items browsed only minutes earlier. Supporters argue that this level of precision benefits consumers by ②reducing exposure to irrelevant advertisements and highlighting products they genuinely need. Some researchers have found that people who see highly personalized advertisements make impulsive purchases ③less frequently than those who see generic ones. Because these algorithms operate largely without public oversight, few consumers fully understand how their personal data shapes what they eventually buy. Greater ④transparency, many experts argue, would allow consumers to make more ⑤informed decisions about their own online behavior.

For patients born with a single faulty gene, the disease has traditionally been treated indirectly, managing symptoms for a lifetime rather than addressing the genetic error itself. Gene therapy attempts something more ambitious: delivering a corrected copy of the gene directly into a patient's cells, often using a disabled virus as a delivery vehicle. Once inside the nucleus, the corrected gene can begin producing the protein the patient's body had always lacked, in some cases reversing symptoms that medication alone had never been able to touch. Early trials were haunted by serious setbacks, including cases in which the delivery virus triggered a dangerous immune reaction or inserted the new gene in a location that disrupted other essential genes. _______________.

Conventional economic wisdom holds that more options are always preferable to fewer. Empirical research on consumer behavior, however, complicates this assumption considerably. When shoppers are presented with an extensive array of choices, they frequently experience heightened anxiety about making the wrong selection and, paradoxically, become less likely to make any purchase or decision at all. Businesses that recognize this dynamic have begun deliberately curating smaller, carefully selected assortments, betting that ___________ can sometimes generate more sales and greater customer satisfaction than abundance.

Advertisers rely on a range of psychological strategies to shape how consumers perceive their products. (A) One especially common strategy involves showing large crowds of satisfied customers, implying that popularity equals quality. (B) These strategies work most effectively when viewers remain unaware that they are being persuaded at all. (C) For this reason, teaching people to recognize such techniques can reduce their persuasive power significantly.

Mental accounting also shapes how consumers respond to windfalls of different sizes and origins. (A) A modest windfall, such as a small cash-back reward, tends to be absorbed into everyday spending and disappears almost unnoticed within a household's general budget. (B) A substantial windfall, by contrast, such as an inheritance or a large bonus, is more likely to be mentally assigned to a separate category, sometimes labeled as "extra" money reserved for investment or a significant purchase. (C) This difference in treatment suggests that the perceived significance of a sum, rather than its objective purchasing power, determines the mental account into which it is placed.

Loyalty programs have become a standard feature of modern retail strategy. (A) Critics counter that such programs often reward habit rather than genuine satisfaction with a product. (B) Supporters claim that points and rewards encourage customers to return again and again. (C) True loyalty, they argue, should be built through consistent quality rather than artificial incentives.

At that distant point in time, the future increase feels almost costless, since no immediate sacrifice is required. One practical application of hyperbolic discounting involves a savings program that gradually raises an employee's contribution rate over several years. ( ① ) Employees are first asked to commit, well in advance, to increasing their savings rate at a specific future date, often timed to coincide with an expected salary raise. ( ② ) Because the commitment applies only to a point far in the future, the vast majority of employees readily agree to the plan. ( ③ ) When the scheduled date finally arrives, the increase takes effect automatically unless the employee actively opts out, and remarkably few do. ( ④ ) The program succeeds precisely because it separates the decision from the discomfort, asking employees to commit when the cost feels abstract rather than immediate. ( ⑤ ) In this way, a well-timed program can help individuals overcome the very bias that would otherwise prevent them from saving adequately for the future.