영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely ①helping a victim as the number of witnesses increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one ②willing to act. Cyberbullying magnifies this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people ③scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers ④to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose ⑤to remain silent instead.

①Choosing the right club can shape how a student feels about school life. Many first-graders join a club simply because their friends ②are joining it. However, experts suggest that personal interest should always come before friendship. A club that ③match your interest keeps you motivated during a busy exam period. It also helps to think about how much time each club actually requires. Some clubs meet only once a week, while others ④practice almost every day. Skill level matters too, since a few clubs accept only experienced students. For this reason, most schools ⑤allow a short trial period before a final decision. During this period, new members can attend meetings without officially signing up. In the end, a good club should feel like a comfortable break from academic pressure.

Conventional economic wisdom holds that more options are always preferable to fewer, since a larger set of alternatives increases the likelihood that any individual will find one that precisely ①matches their preferences. Empirical research on consumer behavior, however, complicates this assumption considerably. When shoppers are presented with an extensive array of choices, they frequently experience heightened anxiety about making the wrong selection and, paradoxically, ②become less likely to make any purchase or decision at all. This phenomenon, commonly ③called choice overload, arises because evaluating numerous alternatives demands considerable cognitive effort, and the fear of forgoing a superior but unexamined option can overwhelm the pleasure of selecting from a limited set. Furthermore, individuals who do eventually choose from an overwhelming array often ④reports lower satisfaction with their selection than those who chose from a modest handful of options. Businesses that recognize this dynamic have begun deliberately ⑤curating smaller, carefully selected assortments.

Riding a bicycle is a great way to stay active during summer vacation, but ___________. Before you ride, check that your tires are properly inflated and your brakes are working well. Wearing a helmet is essential, since it can prevent serious head injuries in an accident.

When summer vacation began, I decided to make a daily schedule so that I would not waste my free time. At first, my plan was too strict, with study sessions packed back to back and almost no breaks. After only three days, I felt exhausted and gave up on the schedule completely. This experience taught me that ___________. My older sister suggested that I make a more realistic plan instead, with just two or three main goals for each day and short breaks between tasks.

The scarcity effect operates with particular force when a deadline, rather than a fixed quantity, defines the limitation. (A) A countdown timer displayed beside an online offer, for instance, creates a constant visual reminder that the opportunity to purchase is steadily disappearing, prompting many shoppers to decide before they have fully considered the purchase. (B) Because the clock continues ticking regardless of the shopper's readiness, the pressure to act quickly can override the more deliberate evaluation that a purchase might otherwise receive. (C) Retailers have accordingly found that adding an explicit deadline, even an artificial one that resets shortly afterward, reliably increases the speed and frequency of purchase decisions.

Amateur athletes often credit this kind of guidance with helping them train more consistently without pushing their bodies too hard. A smartwatch strapped to a runner's wrist can now do far more than simply count steps; it monitors heart rate variability, running form, and recovery time, then uses that data to suggest a training plan tailored to the individual rather than a generic weekly schedule. ( ① ) When the device detects signs of overtraining, such as an unusually high resting heart rate several mornings in a row, it may recommend a lighter workout or an extra rest day before fatigue turns into an actual injury. ( ② ) Sports scientists note an important caveat, however. ( ③ ) A wrist-based sensor cannot fully capture the same physiological detail available in a professional lab. ( ④ ) Its suggestions should be treated as a helpful guideline rather than an infallible medical judgment, particularly for anyone managing a chronic health condition. ( ⑤ )

This is because the temperature inside a car can rise to a dangerous level within minutes. Summer heat can be just as dangerous for pets as it is for people. ( ① ) First, always provide plenty of fresh water, and change it several times a day to keep it cool. ( ② ) Second, avoid walking your dog during the hottest hours, since hot pavement can burn sensitive paws. ( ③ ) Make sure your pet has access to a shaded or air-conditioned area at all times. ( ④ ) If your pet seems unusually tired or refuses to move, contact a veterinarian right away. Most importantly, never leave a pet alone in a parked car, even for a few minutes. ( ⑤ ) Following these guidelines will help your pet stay safe this summer.

Because no alternative is ever removed, defenders insist that the intervention remains fully compatible with individual liberty. One of the most frequently cited nudge programs involves the redesign of cafeteria layouts to encourage healthier eating among students. ( ① ) Rather than banning unhealthy snacks outright, administrators simply relocate them to less convenient shelves while placing fruit and vegetables within easy reach. ( ② ) Students remain completely free to seek out the relocated items if they wish to do so. ( ③ ) Data collected across numerous schools show that this modest rearrangement increases the selection of healthier options by a meaningful margin, without any accompanying complaints about restricted choice. ( ④ ) Skeptics nonetheless point out that the very effectiveness of such nudges depends on exploiting the same mental shortcuts, such as convenience and visibility, that lead people to make less healthy choices in the first place. ( ⑤ ) Whether this exploitation is ethically troubling or simply a pragmatic use of known psychological tendencies remains a matter of ongoing disagreement.

A student who loves writing and also shows strong language skills, for example, might consider journalism. When choosing a future career, students often face a common question: should I follow what I love, or what I am good at? ( ① ) Passion can provide strong motivation, pushing a person to practice for hours without feeling tired. ( ② ) However, loving an activity does not always mean a person will become skilled at it professionally. ( ③ ) Career experts suggest looking for an overlap between the two instead of choosing only one side. ( ④ ) Finding this balance takes time and self-reflection, but it often leads to a more satisfying and sustainable career than focusing on passion or talent alone. ( ⑤ )