영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The planning fallacy describes the tendency to ①systematically underestimate how long a task will take, even when experience suggests otherwise. Psychologists ②who studied this bias found that people focus mainly on an idealized, best-case version of a project. They focus less on how similar projects actually unfolded before. A student who insists an essay takes two hours, despite ③needing five hours for every previous essay, shows a clear instance of the fallacy. Large construction projects offer another example. Officials frequently predict completion dates that later ④proves far too optimistic once delays appear. Some researchers recommend a technique called reference class forecasting, ⑤comparing a new task to similar completed tasks.

During the sports day relay race, Jun was ①nervous, and his hands were shaking as he waited for the baton. When his turn came, he grabbed the baton but nearly dropped it while turning the first corner. His teammates, watching from the field, shouted his name and encouraged him to keep running. Even though Jun felt ②proud, their cheering gave him confidence to focus on the runner ahead of him. As he handed the baton ③smoothly to the next runner, he realized that the team's effort ④mattered more than his mistake. After the race, his teammates gathered around him and said that his recovery had kept the team in the competition. Jun understood then that teamwork means supporting each other even after something goes wrong. His class did not win first place, but they ⑤celebrated together as if they had.

Even highly capable individuals can make disastrous collective decisions once they are absorbed into a tightly knit group, a phenomenon psychologist Irving Janis termed groupthink. Within cohesive committees, boards, and advisory councils, members often prioritize consensus and group harmony over a rigorous evaluation of alternatives, silencing doubts rather than risking the discomfort of dissent. Sociologists extend this analysis beyond small committees, noting that entire organizations can develop cultures that reward conformity and punish employees who raise inconvenient questions. Historical inquiries into policy failures and corporate disasters frequently reveal that critical information existed within the organization but never reached decision makers, not because it was hidden, but because _______________.

Self-driving technology is advancing rapidly, and its impact on the transportation industry is becoming increasingly visible. Companies are testing autonomous trucks that can travel long distances without human drivers, potentially transforming how goods move across countries. Supporters argue that this technology could ___________, since computers do not need rest and can react faster than humans in emergencies.

The Hopeful Start Workshop will be held on January 10th at the Green Hill Community Center. This event is designed to _______________. The workshop will run from two to four in the afternoon, and participants will learn simple methods for writing goals that are specific and easy to measure. The workshop is open to all middle and high school students, and no experience is required. Registration is free, but seats are limited to thirty people, so early sign-up is recommended.

Remote work has moved from a rare privilege to a common practice for millions of employees worldwide. Supporters argue that remote work increases productivity, since employees avoid long commutes and distracting office environments. It also allows companies to hire talented people regardless of where they live, widening the pool of candidates. Critics, however, worry that remote work weakens teamwork and makes it harder for new employees to learn from experienced colleagues. Without regular face-to-face interaction, some workers feel isolated and struggle to build strong professional relationships. For these reasons, many experts suggest that the future of work will likely be ___________, combining flexibility with occasional in-person collaboration.

The rapid rise of the gig economy has led researchers to examine both its opportunities and its risks. (A) In addition, because their income depends heavily on the number of tasks completed, many gig workers find it difficult to save money consistently. (B) On the positive side, gig platforms allow workers to set their own schedules and take on projects that match their skills. (C) Yet this freedom comes at a price, since most gig workers are not entitled to employer-provided benefits like health insurance.

주어진 문장: In short, Fogg's model reminds us that ease of action, not sheer willpower, drives lasting behavior change. Many people believe that building a new habit requires strong willpower or motivation. ( ① ) However, psychologist BJ Fogg argues that habits form more easily when a behavior itself becomes simple to perform. ( ② ) His theory, called the Fogg Behavior Model, states that a behavior happens only when motivation, ability, and a prompt occur together. When motivation is low, the task must be made extremely easy, or it will not happen at all. ( ③ ) For instance, a person who wants to exercise daily succeeds more often by committing to one push-up than to a long workout. Fogg calls this idea the law of least effort, since people naturally choose the option requiring the least energy. ( ④ ) A student who wants to read more might leave a book open on the desk rather than setting a vague goal. By lowering the required effort, people reduce the ability barrier and make steady action far more achievable. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: Slowly, though, she began to question whether all of these possessions truly made her life better. Jina used to fill her apartment with items she rarely used, believing that owning more things would make her happier. ( ① ) After moving twice within a single year, she grew exhausted from packing boxes filled with clothes she had never worn and gadgets she had forgotten she owned. ( ② ) Frustrated, she decided to try a minimalist lifestyle, keeping only objects that served a clear purpose or brought her genuine joy. ( ③ ) At first, friends questioned why she was giving away perfectly good furniture and clothing. ( ④ ) Gradually, however, she noticed that her small apartment felt calmer and easier to manage. ( ⑤ ) She also realized that she spent significantly less money once she stopped buying things impulsively to fill emotional gaps.

주어진 문장: This constant awareness of human presence is what distinguishes cobots from older industrial machines. Modern factories increasingly rely on collaborative robots, often called cobots, which are designed to work safely alongside human employees. ( ① ) Unlike traditional industrial robots that operate behind safety cages, cobots use sensors to detect nearby workers and adjust their movements accordingly. ( ② ) This technology allows humans and machines to share the same workspace without the risk of dangerous accidents. ( ③ ) In practice, cobots typically handle repetitive or physically demanding tasks, while human workers focus on tasks that require judgment and fine motor skills. ( ④ ) This division of labor increases overall efficiency, since each side contributes what it does best. ( ⑤ ) Manufacturers who have introduced cobots report fewer workplace injuries and higher worker satisfaction.