영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

A growing number of health apps now track steps, sleep, and heart rate throughout the day, quietly building a detailed picture of a user's physical condition without requiring a single visit to a doctor's office. By comparing this stream of data against patterns drawn from millions of other users, the app's algorithm can ①flag early warning signs, such as an irregular heartbeat, long before the person experiencing it would have noticed anything unusual on their own. For people living far from specialists or unable to afford frequent checkups, this kind of constant monitoring can feel like a genuine ②safety net. Doctors caution, however, that these apps are designed to ③diagnose illness, not merely to detect patterns, and that a worried user should always confirm any alarming reading with a professional rather than trusting an app's suggestion alone. Treating a wellness app as a ④substitute for medical expertise, they warn, can be just as risky as ⑤ignoring a warning altogether.

Many students give up on their New Year goals because the goals feel too ①big to handle. A more effective approach is to break a large goal into ②smaller, manageable steps. Once you complete that small step, move on to the next one, and gradually build toward the bigger goal. This method works because small tasks feel ③impossible, and completing them gives a sense of success. That feeling of success encourages you to keep going. Over time, small steps add up to real progress, like bricks eventually forming a ④strong wall. Starting small is often the ⑤smartest way to reach a big dream.

Emissions trading, a market-based mechanism for curbing greenhouse gases, allows governments to set an overall limit on carbon output while letting firms trade permits within that limit. Under this system, known as cap-and-trade, companies that cut emissions more ①cheaply than required can sell surplus allowances to firms facing higher reduction costs. Proponents argue that this flexibility lets society reach a given environmental target at the ②lowest overall cost, since abatement shifts toward whoever can achieve it most economically. Critics, however, contend that trading schemes frequently allocate too many permits, a flaw that has historically ③depressed carbon prices and blunted incentives to invest in cleaner technology. For example, early phases of several regional markets granted allowances so generously that permit prices ④collapsed, leaving polluters with little pressure to change their practices. Consequently, many economists now advocate combining trading with a price floor, a minimum permit price that keeps the market from collapsing during weak demand, thereby ⑤undermining the cost-effectiveness for which trading is valued.

Social psychologists describe a phenomenon called the bystander effect, in which individuals become less likely to help a victim as the number of witnesses ①increases. Each observer assumes someone else will step in, and this diffusion of responsibility leaves no one willing to act. Cyberbullying ②minimizes this problem, since a single humiliating post can be witnessed by thousands of people scattered across the internet rather than a few standing nearby. Anonymity ③intensifies the effect further, allowing silent observers to scroll past cruel comments without feeling accountable for their inaction. Some bystanders even worry that intervening publicly might make them the bully's next target, so they choose to remain ④silent instead. However, silence signals approval to both the bully and the audience watching the exchange unfold. Experts insist that even a single supportive comment can ⑤disrupt this harmful pattern.

Elite athletes rarely walk up to a free throw line or a golf ball without first performing a highly specific sequence of movements, a habit sports psychologists call a pre-performance routine. Far from being mere superstition, this consistent sequence serves a genuine cognitive purpose: repeating the same physical and mental steps before every attempt narrows an athlete's focus away from distracting thoughts and toward the specific technical cues needed to execute the skill correctly. Researchers have found that athletes who follow a consistent routine tend to show more stable performance under pressure than those who approach each attempt differently, because _______________. For this reason, coaches now actively teach young athletes to develop and rehearse individualized routines rather than treating them as personal quirks.

Every July, our school library launches a summer reading challenge that invites students to read at least five books before classes begin again in September. Students who complete the challenge receive a small prize, but many say the real reward is something else entirely. Without daily homework and tests to worry about, summer gives students rare freedom to choose books purely because they sound interesting, not because a teacher assigned them. Librarians believe that _______________, since students who only cared about winning the prize tend to quit once the reading feels difficult, while curious readers keep going.

Daniel's career reflects how much the space industry has changed since he was a child. (A) As a result, he came to believe that opportunities in space exploration were no longer limited to a small number of government scientists. (B) By the time he entered university, private companies had begun launching satellites and building reusable rockets. (C) This shift eventually led him to join a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future.

The answer, it turns out, has less to do with raw talent than with the invisible bonds that connect teammates to one another. Team sports place athletes in a uniquely social form of competition, one where individual skill alone rarely determines the outcome of a match. ( ① ) Sports psychologists have long studied why some groups of talented individual players fail to perform as a cohesive unit while other, less individually skilled teams consistently exceed expectations. ( ② ) Trust among teammates appears to be a decisive factor, since players who believe their teammates will reliably fulfill their roles are more willing to take the calculated risks that winning often requires, such as passing to an open player instead of attempting a low-percentage shot alone. ( ③ ) Clear and consistent communication during high-pressure moments further reduces the hesitation and confusion that can unravel a team's coordination in front of a crowd. ( ④ ) Interestingly, researchers have found that teams which deliberately build informal social bonds off the field, not merely through structured practice, tend to display better on-field cohesion. ( ⑤ )

Suppose that one day Mary is finally released from the room and shown a ripe red tomato for the first time. Imagine a brilliant scientist named Mary who has spent her entire life inside a black-and-white room, learning everything physical science could ever teach about color, including the exact wavelengths of light and the precise neural processes triggered when a person sees red. ( ① ) Despite this complete physical knowledge, Mary herself has never actually seen a color; every book, screen, and object in her world has been carefully restricted to shades of gray. ( ② ) Philosopher Frank Jackson argued that Mary would learn something entirely new at that moment, namely what it actually feels like to see red. ( ③ ) This is true even though she already possessed every physical fact about color there was to know beforehand. ( ④ ) If Mary genuinely gains new knowledge upon leaving the room, then physical facts alone cannot capture everything there is to know about conscious experience. ( ⑤ ) Something, it seems, was missing from her exhaustive scientific education all along.

A single careless movement, in other words, could ruin an entire page of otherwise careful work. When a classmate began writing her diary entries in elaborate, flowing calligraphy instead of ordinary handwriting, I assumed she was simply trying to make her notebook look decorative. ( ① ) Curious, I asked her to teach me one afternoon, and I quickly discovered that calligraphy demands far more patience than I had expected. ( ② ) Every stroke has to be planned before the pen touches the paper, since a brush pen cannot be casually corrected once ink has already spread across the page. ( ③ ) She told me that slowing her hand down to this deliberate pace actually helped her think more clearly, because rushing through a sentence in calligraphy simply was not physically possible. ( ④ ) What began as decoration for her gradually became a kind of meditation, a rare part of her day when she could not multitask or hurry. ( ⑤ ) I left that lesson with ink-stained fingers and a newfound respect for how much concentration a single beautifully written word can require.