영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Imagine rewriting a bacterium's code the way a programmer edits a line of software, and much of what synthetic biology ①promises begins to make sense. Researchers in this field assemble standardized genetic parts into circuits that can be inserted into a cell, instructing it to perform a task that no natural organism would ②carry out. Because these circuits are built from interchangeable parts rather than designed from scratch each time, a circuit tested in one lab can often be reused, with ③minor adjustments, in an entirely different application. Critics note that biological systems ④always behave as predictably as electronic circuits, since a gene inserted into a new cell can interact with existing pathways in unexpected ways, occasionally producing results no engineer intended. Even so, as the catalog of standardized parts keeps expanding, engineers are gaining ⑤confidence to design increasingly complex systems.

When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed ①dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer ②limited to a few national agencies. During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to ③monitor crop health from orbit. He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that ④barely existed when he first imagined his future career. His story shows how commercial space ventures have ⑤closed doors that once seemed impossibly narrow.

Choosing a college major is one of the biggest ①decisions many students face after high school. Some students assume that their major will completely determine their future career, but this is not always true. What matters more than the major itself is the set of skills a student develops, such as critical thinking, writing, and problem solving. These abilities can be applied to ②a single career only. However, choosing a major that genuinely interests a student still matters, because motivation makes learning ③easier and more effective. Therefore, students should choose a major based on ④curiosity and personal growth, not only on which job it seems to ⑤guarantee.

Classical economic models typically assume that people discount future rewards at a constant rate. Empirical observation, however, reveals a different pattern: people apply a much steeper discount to the immediate future than to the distant future, a phenomenon termed hyperbolic discounting. This dynamic helps explain chronic procrastination, since tasks that carry long-term benefits are perpetually deferred in favor of activities offering ___________ satisfaction.

My first attempt at a summer schedule failed because it was much too strict. (A) I also began leaving one day each week completely free for rest or spontaneous activities. (B) My older sister suggested setting just two or three main goals for each day instead. (C) Since making these changes, I have been able to follow my schedule much more consistently.

The city operates free cooling centers to help residents cope with extreme summer heat. (A) Most locations are open from nine in the morning until six in the evening, seven days a week. (B) These centers, located in community halls and libraries, offer air-conditioned spaces free of charge. (C) Since there is no cost and no reservation is required, residents are encouraged to visit whenever needed.

Job experience programs let students try out real workplaces for a short time. (A) For example, some students spend a day at a hospital, a bakery, or a design studio. (B) In this way, students gain a clearer picture of what each job truly involves. (C) During the visit, they observe workers and sometimes try simple tasks themselves.

If such a divide hardens, competitive advantages in school, sports, and the workplace could come to depend less on effort than on access to capital. Beyond restoring lost function, engineers are now exploring implants and prosthetics designed to give healthy people abilities beyond ordinary human limits. ( ① ) Supporters frame this as simply the next step in a long history of human enhancement, no different in principle from eyeglasses or vaccines. ( ② ) Critics counter that earlier enhancements were broadly available to anyone regardless of wealth. ( ③ ) Cutting-edge neural and physical implants, by contrast, are likely to remain expensive for decades, potentially splitting society into those who can afford enhancement and those who cannot. ( ④ ) What began as a medical tool for restoring what was lost, in other words, may end up redefining the baseline of what counts as an ordinary human being. ( ⑤ )

Storing a damp umbrella in a closed bag can cause mold and a bad smell. During the rainy season, umbrellas and raincoats become essential items for daily life. ( ① ) After using a wet umbrella, open it fully and let it dry in a well-ventilated place before folding it again. ( ② ) Raincoats should also be hung up to dry completely before being put away. ( ③ ) It is helpful to wipe off dirt and mud with a soft cloth, since dirt left on the fabric can damage the waterproof coating. ( ④ ) In addition, check the umbrella's frame regularly for rust or broken parts. ( ⑤ ) Taking care of these simple items will help you stay dry all season long.

Until clearer rules emerge, artists, developers, and publishers remain locked in a legal gray zone that satisfies almost no one. Generative AI systems learn to write, draw, and compose by studying enormous collections of existing human work, much of which was created without the artists' knowledge or consent. ( ① ) Supporters of the technology argue that this process resembles how a human student learns by studying the masters. ( ② ) Critics respond that the comparison breaks down at scale, since a single AI model can absorb millions of works in days. ( ③ ) Courts around the world are now being asked to decide whether training an algorithm on copyrighted material counts as fair use or as infringement. ( ④ ) This is a question the law was never designed to answer. ( ⑤ )