영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

The Greenfield Public Library will offer a variety of special programs ①for students during summer vacation. The reading club, ②designed for younger students, encourages children to read at least one book per week. The writing workshop helps older students ③improve their essay skills through fun and creative exercises. In addition, the library will host a special lecture series on careers, ④invited professionals from various fields to speak with students. All programs are free, but registration ⑤is required in advance because space is limited.

As nudging has moved from academic theory into widespread practice, a persistent ethical question has accompanied its rise: at what point ①does subtly guiding behavior for someone's own benefit shade into manipulation that undermines their capacity for autonomous choice? Proponents typically distinguish nudges from manipulation by pointing to transparency and reversibility, arguing that a legitimate nudge ②operate openly, can be easily resisted by anyone who wishes to opt out, and ultimately serves the interests of the person being nudged rather than the interests of whoever designed the intervention. Critics counter that this distinction often collapses in practice, since many effective nudges work precisely because they ③exploit cognitive processes operating below conscious awareness, meaning that the person being influenced may never fully register that a nudge is even occurring. A supermarket that arranges healthier foods at eye level, for instance, differs only in the direction of its influence, not in its underlying mechanism, from a supermarket that ④arranges the most profitable items at eye level. This tension suggests that the ethical status of a nudge cannot be evaluated by examining its psychological mechanism alone; instead, it must be judged according to the intentions of the party who ⑤designs it and the outcome that design is intended to produce.

Summer heat can be just as ①harmless for pets as it is for people. Dogs and cats cannot cool their bodies as easily as humans, so owners must take extra care during hot days. Always provide plenty of fresh water, and change it several times a day to keep it ②cool. Avoid walking your dog during the hottest hours, since hot pavement can ③burn sensitive paws. Never leave a pet alone in a parked car, since the temperature inside can rise ④dangerously fast. Make sure your pet has access to a ⑤shaded area at all times.

Strong summer sunlight can ①seriously damage your skin if you are not careful. To protect your skin, apply sunscreen with a high SPF before going outside, and ②reapply it every two hours. Try to stay in the shade between eleven in the morning and three in the afternoon, when UV rays are ③weakest. After spending time outdoors, cool your skin with a damp towel and apply a moisturizer to prevent ④dryness. These simple habits will help keep your skin ⑤healthy throughout the summer.

Food poisoning cases increase sharply during the hot summer months because ___________. To protect yourself, wash your hands before preparing food, cook meat and eggs thoroughly, and keep perishable food in the refrigerator rather than leaving it out at room temperature.

Psychologist Roy Baumeister proposed a concept called ego depletion theory, which suggests that ___________. According to this theory, every act of self-control, from resisting a snack to concentrating on difficult homework, draws from the same limited mental resource. As this resource becomes depleted throughout the day, later decisions require more effort and are more likely to fail. For instance, someone who exercises discipline avoiding distractions all morning may struggle to resist checking a phone by evening. Likewise, dieters report that self-control weakens sharply at night, after hours of resisting food. Some researchers argue that short breaks, adequate sleep, and blood sugar levels can help restore this depleted resource. Although later studies have questioned how strong this effect is, the theory still offers a useful framework for understanding why willpower seems to fade throughout a long day.

Treating only one side of this equation, therefore, often leaves the other free to sustain the sleeplessness on its own. Insomnia is rarely caused by a single factor; it usually emerges from an interaction between psychological stress and physiological arousal that keeps the body from settling into sleep. ( ① ) A common trigger is what researchers call cognitive hyperarousal, in which the mind continues to race with worries about work, relationships, or even the inability to sleep itself, creating a frustrating cycle where anxiety about insomnia becomes a cause of insomnia. ( ② ) At the same time, the body's stress response system can become chronically activated, releasing hormones such as cortisol that keep heart rate and body temperature elevated at night, both of which interfere with the natural drop in arousal needed to fall asleep. ( ③ ) Poor sleep habits, including irregular bedtimes and excessive screen use before bed, can further weaken the body's internal signals for sleep onset. ( ④ ) Because these psychological and physiological factors reinforce one another, effective treatment for chronic insomnia addresses both the racing mind and the underlying pattern of physical tension, rather than relying on medication alone. ( ⑤ )

주어진 문장: At first, this seemed like a small, sentimental gesture with little business value. Years ago, a small shoe company struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. ( ① ) Its products were solid, but customers rarely remembered the brand after a single purchase. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers who could not afford new pairs. She began printing this story on every shoebox and posting it across social media. ( ② ) Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. ( ③ ) Sales slowly increased as people felt they were supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. ( ④ ) Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, hoping to create similar emotional connections. ( ⑤ ) Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into loyal supporters.

She explained that sitting in a cold, air-conditioned room for too long can make people feel weak and achy. Last week, I started feeling tired and had a mild headache every afternoon at school. ( ① ) At first, I thought I was just stressed about exams, but my mother told me it might be air-conditioning sickness. ( ② ) After doing some research, I learned a few simple ways to prevent it. ( ③ ) First, I began carrying a light jacket to wear indoors, and I made sure to drink warm water instead of only cold drinks. ( ④ ) I also started stretching and walking around every hour instead of sitting still all day. ( ⑤ ) Within a few days, my headaches disappeared, and I felt much more energetic.

주어진 문장: She walked into the interview room feeling confident, certain that her past online activity had nothing to do with her qualifications. When Minji was in ninth grade, she posted a joking comment mocking a classmate's photo, never imagining anyone would remember it later. ( ① ) Three years passed, and she nearly forgot the comment existed, buried among hundreds of old posts. ( ② ) Last spring, she applied to join her school's student council, hoping her leadership experience would impress the selection committee. ( ③ ) During the interview, however, one teacher mentioned having seen an old, unkind comment under Minji's name while reviewing applicants' profiles. ( ④ ) Startled, Minji realized that everything she had ever posted online had quietly accumulated into what is called a digital footprint, a lasting trail of personal data left behind by online activity. ( ⑤ ) Although she deleted the comment immediately, the damage to her reputation had already been done. She understood that digital footprints rarely disappear completely, even when the original posts are removed, because screenshots and memories often outlast the content itself.