영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Factories that once employed hundreds of workers on an assembly line now run with a fraction of that staff, as robotic arms handle tasks ①that used to require human hands. Economists have long debated whether this shift destroys jobs or simply ②transforms them. Historical evidence offers some comfort: previous waves of automation eventually created new categories of work that no one ③had predicted. However, critics point out that earlier transitions unfolded over generations, ④given workers time to retrain, whereas today's robots are being deployed at a pace that leaves little room for adjustment. For this reason, many economists argue that the real challenge is not the robots themselves, but the speed at which society ⑤is expected to adapt to them.

Every time a smartphone connects to a cell tower or a Wi-Fi network, it quietly records a data point that can later ①be pieced together into a detailed map of where its owner has been. Most users agree to this tracking without ②reading the fine print, assuming that a single company's database poses little threat. The real danger, however, emerges when location data from multiple sources ③combining. A pattern that reveals a person's home, workplace, and daily route can expose far more than any single app ever intended to share. Companies often argue that anonymized data cannot be traced back to individuals, yet researchers have repeatedly ④shown that a handful of location points is enough to identify a specific person. As a result, privacy experts increasingly insist that location data ⑤deserves the same legal protection as medical records.

Few ideas in policy debate provoke as much philosophical unease as the notion that a government might ①deliberately steer citizens toward better choices while leaving every option technically available. Defenders insist that freedom is ②preserved as long as no option is banned and no penalty is attached, arguing that a citizen who is merely steered, rather than coerced, remains free to choose otherwise. Critics counter that this defense rests on an ③impoverished notion of liberty, one that ignores how engineered defaults and calculated framing can shape decisions just as powerfully as an outright prohibition would. If a policy is designed because officials expect it to bypass conscious deliberation, these critics ask, can the resulting choice still be called ④autonomous, even though no law was broken? The dispute ultimately turns on what freedom actually requires: the mere absence of coercion, or a decision-making process that remains ⑤opaque and undistorted.

Millions of people now wear devices that continuously track their heart rate, sleep patterns, and daily activity, generating an ①intimate stream of health data that would have been unthinkable to collect just two decades ago. Users generally assume this information belongs to them, since it is drawn directly from their own bodies. In practice, however, the terms of service that few people read often grant the manufacturer ②narrow rights to store, analyze, and even sell anonymized versions of that data to insurers or advertisers. This arrangement becomes especially troubling when health data influences decisions far beyond fitness, such as insurance premiums or employment screening. Advocates for reform argue that biological data deserves a category of protection ③stronger than ordinary consumer information, precisely because it can never truly be ④replaced or reset once it has been ⑤exposed.

Behavioral economists use the term status quo bias to describe a tendency to prefer the present situation over a new alternative, even when the alternative would bring greater benefits. This bias helps explain why many households hesitate to switch to renewable energy, such as installing solar panels on their roofs. Although solar panels can lower electricity bills over time, homeowners often stick with their current power source because it feels safe and requires no immediate effort. In contrast, switching demands research, upfront cost, and trust in unfamiliar technology, all of which can seem risky compared with doing nothing. For example, a neighborhood association might repeatedly postpone a vote on shared solar panels, not because the plan is flawed, but because members are reluctant to leave their routine. Therefore, boosting renewable adoption may depend less on proving its advantages and more on _______________.

As consumers become more aware of global social and environmental issues, many now expect companies to take responsibility beyond simply selling products. This expectation has given rise to ethical consumption, in which shoppers consider factors such as fair wages, humane treatment of animals, and environmental sustainability before making purchases. Companies that ignore these concerns risk public backlash, especially when unethical practices are exposed through investigative journalism or social media. Some corporations have responded by publishing detailed sustainability reports, though critics question whether these documents reflect genuine change or merely serve as public relations tools. Real accountability, according to many experts, requires independent verification rather than self-reported claims that cannot be easily checked. Ultimately, corporate responsibility should be treated as ___________.

Setting a goal is only the first step; keeping track of progress is just as important. Many people write down goals at the beginning of the year but never check how far they have come. Without regular records, ___________. Keeping a simple log, such as a weekly checklist or a short journal entry, lets a person see clear evidence of improvement over time.

The broadcasting workshop turned out to be more difficult than most students expected. (A) By the second day, though, most students began to enjoy the challenge as their confidence grew. (B) On the first day, many students felt nervous simply standing in front of a camera. (C) This growth was largely due to instructors who gave detailed feedback instead of simple praise.

주어진 문장: Still, reading six books was better than the year before, and I felt proud of that small progress. Last New Year's Day, I wrote three goals in my diary: reading more books, exercising regularly, and saving money for a bicycle. ( ① ) Today, exactly one year later, I opened that old page and smiled at how much had changed. ( ② ) I did not finish all twelve books I had planned to read. ( ③ ) My exercise habit became the biggest surprise, since jogging twice a week slowly became an almost daily morning habit. ( ④ ) Saving money was harder than I expected, since unexpected expenses kept appearing. ( ⑤ ) Looking back, I realized that steady effort matters more than reaching every goal exactly as planned.

주어진 문장: These various booths give every member a chance to show what they have practiced throughout the year. Every October, Greenfield High School holds a festival that gives every club a chance to shine. ① This year's festival will take place on October 15th, running from nine in the morning until four in the afternoon. ② Clubs that want to run a booth must apply to the student council by October 1st, since space in the gym is limited. ③ The science club will present simple experiments that are both safe and exciting to watch. The art club, meanwhile, will display paintings that members have created throughout the semester. ④ The cooking club plans to sell snacks prepared by its own members, and all the profits will be donated to a local shelter. ⑤ Because many visitors are expected, teachers will supervise each booth carefully to keep students safe. Anyone curious about club life is warmly encouraged to visit and enjoy the festival.