영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Picture a woman who ① receive a plain ceramic mug as a free gift at a conference and, later that afternoon, refuses to sell it for anything less than triple its price in the gift shop downstairs. Before she ② owned the mug, she would never have paid extra for it; once it became hers, however, its value in her mind rose sharply, simply because she now possessed it. Researchers have repeatedly observed this pattern across many everyday objects, from coffee mugs and concert tickets to office chairs and old furniture ③ inherited from relatives. Owners consistently demand more money ④ to give something up than buyers are willing to offer for that very same item, revealing a curious asymmetry rooted purely in possession itself. Some economists argue that this effect explains why negotiations over inherited property so often collapse, since each side quietly ⑤ attaches a different value to what it currently holds.

When engineers design the software ① that controls a self-driving car, they inevitably face a question that philosophers have debated for decades. If a crash becomes unavoidable, should the vehicle protect its own passenger at all costs, or should it be programmed ② minimizing total harm, even if that means steering toward the person inside? Surveys reveal an uncomfortable contradiction: most people say a car should be programmed to save the greater number of lives, yet the same people admit ③ they would never buy a vehicle designed to sacrifice its own owner. This gap between the ideal and the personal choice suggests that ethical programming cannot ④ be settled by public opinion alone. Manufacturers, regulators, and philosophers must instead agree on transparent rules before autonomous vehicles ⑤ are allowed to make such decisions on the road.

Jian wanted to become a reader for years, but every time he picked up a thick novel, he felt ①overwhelmed and quickly closed it. His cousin, who had read dozens of books that year, told him about something called the two-minute rule. This rule states that a new habit should be shrunk to under two minutes, since a smaller starting point ②strengthens the friction that usually stops people from beginning. Some nights he stopped after that single page, but most nights, once started, he kept reading for twenty or thirty minutes without ③noticing. Because the initial barrier became so small, sitting down no longer felt like a ④burden requiring willpower. Within three months, Jian had finished five books, proving that reducing friction can matter more than ⑤motivation itself.

Writing a personal statement can feel overwhelming, but a few simple strategies make the process easier. First, avoid simply listing your achievements; instead, explain what each experience ①taught you and how it shaped your goals. Second, use specific examples rather than ②vague statements, since details make your story more convincing and memorable. Third, keep your tone honest and natural, because reviewers can easily ③notice writing that sounds forced or overly formal. Finally, always ④ignore proofreading carefully, since small errors can distract readers from an otherwise strong statement. A personal statement is a chance to show who you truly are and what you hope to ⑤become.

Sociologist Mark Granovetter challenged a common assumption when he found that job seekers were more likely to hear about new opportunities from casual acquaintances than from close friends and family. This finding, published as the strength of weak ties, rests on a structural insight: close friends tend to belong to the same tight social circle and therefore already share most of the same information, whereas casual acquaintances typically move in different circles and can act as bridges to information a person would otherwise never encounter. Weak ties, precisely because they connect otherwise separate networks, _______________. Granovetter's insight has since been applied well beyond job searches, informing research on how innovations spread and how epidemics travel through a population.

Central High School will host its annual career fair next Thursday in the main gymnasium. More than thirty companies and organizations will set up booths to introduce different careers. Each booth will offer a short activity so visitors can experience a small part of the job. In addition, three guest speakers will give short talks about their career paths during the lunch break. Teachers strongly encourage all students to attend, even those who already have a career in mind, because ___________. The fair will end at 3 p.m., and light refreshments will be provided for all visitors.

The Hillside Community Center is recruiting student volunteers for its summer programs. (A) No prior experience is necessary, since training will be provided on the first day. (B) Volunteers will help with tutoring younger children, organizing books, and assisting elderly residents. (C) Because the number of positions is limited, students should apply online before July 10th.

Some changes in habit begin not with a big decision but with a quiet moment that lingers in the mind. (A) That changed when her class was assigned a documentary about plastic waste drifting through the ocean, footage she initially expected to find boring. Instead, watching seabirds mistake plastic fragments for food left her strangely unsettled, and she found herself thinking about the assignment long after class ended. (B) The next morning, almost without deciding to, she slipped her old tumbler into her backpack instead of buying a disposable cup on the way to school. It felt like a small, meaningless gesture at first. However, as weeks passed, she realized that consistently choosing the tumbler, declining a plastic straw, and reusing a shopping bag were quietly adding up. Small choices, she discovered, become meaningful once repeated. (C) Until last spring, Minji rarely thought twice about tossing a paper cup into the trash after finishing her coffee. Environmental issues seemed distant, something scientists and politicians should handle rather than an ordinary student like her.

Food choices are increasingly recognized as a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. (A) By replacing just a few meat-based meals each week with vegetables, grains, or legumes, individuals can noticeably shrink their carbon footprint without giving up meat completely. Nutritionists also emphasize that flexitarian eating is easier to maintain than full vegetarianism, because it allows flexibility rather than demanding absolute discipline. Therefore, many environmental groups now promote flexitarianism as a realistic first step, believing that gradual change, rather than sudden restriction, is more likely to spread widely across society. (B) A flexitarian is someone who mainly eats plant-based meals but occasionally includes meat or fish, unlike a strict vegetarian who avoids animal products entirely. This flexible diet has recently gained attention as a practical way to fight climate change, since raising livestock produces a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. (C) Cattle, in particular, release large amounts of methane, a gas far more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.

주어진 문장: This limitation means the technology has not yet fully replaced conventional factories. Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. ( ① ) Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create complex objects directly from digital files within hours. ( ② ) This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. ( ③ ) Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts. ( ④ ) However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders. ( ⑤ ) As printing materials improve and machines become faster, the technology is expected to play an increasingly central role in future manufacturing.