영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Many students confuse the student council with school clubs. In fact, the two groups serve very different purposes. The student council is an official body ①that represents the whole school. It manages shared issues such as rules, events, and communication with teachers. For example, council members often organize the school festival. They also collect opinions from each class ②before making decisions. A club, in contrast, is a small group formed around one shared ③interests, such as music or art. While the council must consider the needs of every student, a club can focus narrowly on what its own members ④enjoy. Therefore, joining the council usually requires an election, whereas joining a club simply requires genuine interest. Some students eventually do both, ⑤using the council to build leadership skills and a club to develop a personal passion.

Jina used to fill her apartment with items she rarely used, believing that owning more things would make her ①happier. After moving twice within a single year, she grew ②energized from packing boxes filled with clothes she had never worn and gadgets she had forgotten she owned. Gradually, however, she noticed that her small apartment felt ③calmer and easier to manage. She also realized that she spent significantly ④less money once she stopped buying things impulsively to fill emotional gaps. Jina's story reflects a broader trend among young adults who increasingly value experiences and simplicity over ⑤accumulating possessions.

A cricket contains, gram for gram, roughly as much protein as beef, yet requires a small fraction of the land, water, and feed needed to raise cattle. This efficiency has drawn growing attention from researchers looking for ways to feed a global population that continues to climb while arable land remains essentially fixed. Insects also convert feed into body mass with remarkable efficiency, since they are cold-blooded and therefore spend far less energy regulating body temperature than a cow or pig must. _______________. Food companies have responded by grinding insects into a flour that disappears into protein bars, pasta, and baked goods, letting consumers benefit from the nutrition without ever having to look an insect in the eye.

Many companies today advertise their products as environmentally friendly, yet not all of these claims are accurate. This practice, known as greenwashing, involves exaggerating or fabricating a product's positive impact on the environment. Some brands print vague terms such as "natural" or "eco-conscious" on packaging without providing any evidence to support these labels. Consumers, who are increasingly concerned about climate change, often trust such claims without questioning them closely. As a result, they may pay higher prices for products that are no more sustainable than ordinary alternatives. Genuine environmental efforts, which usually require significant investment and long-term planning, are far more costly than simply changing a label. Therefore, governments should establish clear standards that require companies to ___________.

Wearable devices that track sleep have become enormously popular, promising a detailed breakdown of light, deep, and REM sleep each night. These gadgets typically rely on movement sensors and heart rate monitors to estimate sleep stages, since directly measuring brain activity would require equipment found only in a sleep laboratory. This indirect approach, however, introduces significant uncertainty. Independent studies comparing wearable data with polysomnography, the gold-standard method used in clinical sleep labs, have found that _______________. Some trackers overestimate deep sleep, while others underestimate the amount of time spent in REM sleep, and the margin of error can vary widely between brands. Despite these limitations, many users have come to treat the nightly score generated by their device as an objective medical verdict, sometimes experiencing anxiety when the number falls below what they expect, a phenomenon researchers have begun calling orthosomnia.

Soojin's rise as a content creator did not happen overnight, despite how it may have appeared to outsiders. (A) One video demonstrating a simple recipe, however, unexpectedly reached millions of viewers and changed everything almost instantly. (B) For months, she posted consistently despite earning very little attention, often doubting whether she should continue at all. (C) After that unexpected success, brands began reaching out, eventually allowing her to earn more than most entry-level jobs would pay.

Elite athletes often perform in front of enormous crowds with championships, contracts, and years of training riding on a single moment, and the psychological weight of that pressure can undermine skills that feel automatic in practice. (A) Structured breathing exercises and pre-performance routines also help athletes regain a sense of control before a decisive moment. (B) Rather than trying to eliminate nervousness entirely, which research suggests is nearly impossible, many trainers now teach athletes to reinterpret the physical symptoms of anxiety as signs of readiness rather than danger. (C) Sports psychologists explain that intense anxiety narrows attention and disrupts the smooth, unconscious execution of well-learned movements, a phenomenon sometimes called choking under pressure.

As the metaverse develops, entirely new categories of professional work are emerging alongside it. (A) Virtual event planners, for instance, now organize concerts and conferences that take place entirely within digital platforms. (B) Some skepticism remains, since the technology has not yet attracted the enormous user base that early predictions promised. (C) Despite this uncertainty, major companies continue to invest heavily, betting that virtual spaces will eventually rival physical venues in importance.

Insomnia is rarely caused by a single factor; it usually emerges from an interaction between psychological stress and physiological arousal that keeps the body from settling into sleep. (A) At the same time, the body's stress response system can become chronically activated, releasing hormones such as cortisol that keep heart rate and body temperature elevated at night, both of which interfere with the natural drop in arousal needed to fall asleep. (B) Poor sleep habits, including irregular bedtimes and excessive screen use before bed, can further weaken the body's internal signals for sleep onset. Because these psychological and physiological factors reinforce one another, effective treatment for chronic insomnia addresses both the racing mind and the underlying pattern of physical tension, rather than relying on medication alone. (C) A common trigger is what researchers call cognitive hyperarousal, in which the mind continues to race with worries about work, relationships, or even the inability to sleep itself, creating a frustrating cycle where anxiety about insomnia becomes a cause of insomnia.

That two- or three-hour gap may look modest on paper, but its effects accumulate quickly, touching everything from mood to memory. Across the world, teenagers are chronically short on sleep, often getting two or three hours less than the eight to ten hours experts recommend for their age. ( ① ) Part of the problem lies in biology: as puberty begins, the body's internal clock naturally shifts later, making it difficult for teenagers to fall asleep before eleven at night. ( ② ) Yet school start times rarely adjust to this shift, forcing students to wake before their bodies are ready. ( ③ ) The consequences extend well beyond simple tiredness. Chronic sleep loss during adolescence has been linked to impaired concentration, weakened memory, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. ( ④ ) It can also disrupt the hormones that regulate appetite, contributing to unhealthy weight gain over time. Some school districts have experimented with delaying start times by even thirty minutes, and early results suggest that students who gain that extra rest show improved grades, better mood, and fewer tardy arrivals. ( ⑤ ) Despite this evidence, changing entrenched school schedules remains a slow and contentious process.