영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Traditional industrial systems have relied on a linear model of production, in which raw materials ①are extracted, transformed into goods, and eventually discarded as waste. This approach treats natural resources as if unlimited and disposal as if costless. A circular economy proposes an alternative framework in which materials ②is kept in continuous use through reuse, repair, and recycling, thereby reducing the extraction of virgin resources. Central to this model is the notion that waste, rather than ③being an inevitable byproduct, can be redesigned as a resource for another process, much as fallen leaves nourish the trees that shed them. For example, manufacturers design products so that components can be disassembled and ④reused in new items once their original function ends. Some companies also lease equipment instead of selling it outright, ⑤retaining responsibility for refurbishment.

Last spring, Mina joined the school environmental club because she wanted ①to make a difference. At first, she felt nervous about speaking in front of the other members. However, the club leader, ②which had been recycling for years, welcomed her warmly. Every Friday, the members walked around the school ③picking up trash near the playground. Mina soon realized that this weekly habit was like ④watering a small plant every day. For example, a single plastic bottle left outside could take hundreds of years to disappear. Therefore, the club decided to place clear recycling bins in every classroom. In contrast to her early doubts, Mina began to feel proud of the changes she noticed. Her classmates started separating cans and paper without ⑤being reminded by teachers. By the end of the semester, Mina had become an active member.

Years ago, a small shoe company ①struggled to compete with larger, well-funded rivals in the market. One day, the founder decided to share the story behind the company: how her grandfather had once repaired shoes for factory workers ②who could not afford new pairs. Surprisingly, customers started responding not just to the shoes themselves but to the values the story represented. Sales slowly increased as people felt they ③was supporting something meaningful rather than simply buying a product. Other companies noticed this shift and began crafting their own narratives, ④hoping to create similar emotional connections. Eventually, the founder realized that a compelling story, ⑤told honestly, could turn ordinary customers into loyal supporters.

Building brand loyalty has traditionally been considered one of the most valuable goals in marketing, since loyal customers ①tend to spend more and recommend products to others. Companies invest significant resources in loyalty programs, ②offering points, discounts, and exclusive access to encourage repeat purchases. Genuine loyalty, critics contend, should be earned through consistent quality and honest treatment of customers, not through artificial incentives that merely ③delays a customer's departure. Furthermore, excessive focus on retaining existing customers can cause companies ④to neglect innovation, since they assume loyal buyers will continue purchasing regardless of improvements. Relying solely on loyalty programs without addressing underlying product quality may ultimately ⑤backfire.

Three-dimensional printing technology is changing how products are designed and manufactured across many industries. Unlike traditional manufacturing, which often requires expensive molds and long production times, 3D printers can create ①simple objects directly from digital files within hours. This flexibility allows companies to produce small batches of customized products without the massive costs typically associated with mass production. Hospitals now use 3D printing to create prosthetic limbs tailored ②precisely to individual patients, while automakers use it to build lightweight parts that ③reduce vehicle weight. Small businesses, too, have benefited enormously, since the technology ④lowers the barrier to entry for entrepreneurs. However, experts caution that 3D printing still struggles to ⑤match the speed of mass production for extremely large orders.

During the sports day relay race, Jun was nervous, and his hands were shaking as he waited for the baton. When his turn came, he grabbed the baton but nearly dropped it while turning the first corner. His teammates, watching from the field, shouted his name and encouraged him to keep running. Even though Jun felt embarrassed, their cheering gave him confidence to focus on the runner ahead of him. As he handed the baton smoothly to the next runner, he realized that the team's effort mattered more than his mistake. After the race, his teammates gathered around him and said that his recovery had kept the team in the competition. Jun understood then that _______________. His class did not win first place, but they celebrated together as if they had.

Reservations made online receive a ten percent discount compared to walk-in rentals. Sunny Beach Rentals is now open for the summer season, offering a wide range of water equipment for visitors. ( ① ) Customers can rent items such as beach umbrellas, folding chairs, snorkeling gear, and paddleboards at affordable daily rates. ( ② ) To rent equipment, visitors simply need to show identification and pay a small deposit, which is fully refunded when the items are returned in good condition. ( ③ ) Equipment is checked carefully before and after each use to ensure everything remains clean and safe. ( ④ ) Renters are asked to return all items by six in the evening, since the shop closes shortly after sunset. ( ⑤ ) Damaged equipment must be reported immediately so that it can be replaced quickly.

주어진 문장: This small effort makes the recycling process faster and more efficient for everyone. Dear residents, this notice explains how to use our apartment recycling area correctly. The recycling area, located behind the main entrance, is open every day from six to ten in the evening. ① First, sort your items into the labeled sections for paper, plastic, glass, and cans before dropping them off. ② Boxes should be flattened, and bottles should be emptied, because dirty items are hard to recycle. However, please do not leave large furniture or electronics in this area at any time. ③ Instead, contact the management office to arrange a separate pickup for those bulky items. For example, broken chairs and old refrigerators require a special sticker before collection. ④ In contrast to ordinary trash, recyclable materials must never be mixed together in one bag. ⑤ Following these simple rules keeps our shared space tidy for every family.

주어진 문장: This feature makes it easy to see how many days in a row you have completed the task. This goal-tracking app helps you set New Year goals and build healthy habits step by step. ( ① ) First, open the app and create an account using your email address. ( ② ) Next, tap the plus button to add a new goal, and choose how often you want to practice it, such as daily or weekly. ( ③ ) The app will then send a gentle reminder at the time you select each day. Every time you complete a task, tap the checkmark, and the app will record your streak automatically. ( ④ ) You can also view a simple chart that shows your progress over the past month. ( ⑤ ) If you miss a day, do not delete your streak, since the app allows you to add a short note explaining what happened.

주어진 문장: This unexpected combination of skills fascinated him more than he had expected. When Daniel was a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut, yet he assumed such careers belonged only to a handful of government scientists. ( ① ) By the time he entered university, however, the space industry had changed dramatically, as private companies began launching satellites and building reusable rockets. ( ② ) Daniel studied aerospace engineering, drawn to the idea that space exploration was no longer limited to a few national agencies. ( ③ ) During an internship, he helped design a small satellite intended to monitor crop health from orbit, a project that combined engineering with agricultural science. ( ④ ) He realized that the space industry now needed not only pilots and engineers but also data analysts, technicians, and even lawyers familiar with international space regulations. ( ⑤ ) After graduation, Daniel joined a startup developing lunar landing equipment, a job that barely existed when he first imagined his future career.