영어 모의고사 (자동 편성)

Imagine watching a fair coin land on heads five times in a row and ①feeling an increasingly strong intuition that the next flip is somehow due to produce tails. This intuition, though psychologically compelling, rests on a basic misunderstanding of probability, since each flip of a fair coin ②remains entirely independent of every flip that came before it. The coin possesses no memory of its previous outcomes, and its probability of landing on tails on the sixth flip ③stays fixed at fifty percent regardless of how many heads preceded it. Casinos have long profited from this misconception, watching gamblers place larger bets after a losing streak simply because they mistakenly ④believing that a win has become statistically overdue. Economists have even documented the same error among trained professionals, including loan officers ⑤who grow more likely to approve a risky application simply because they recently rejected several applications in a row.

Rather than displaying products in the usual manner, the team designed the space to resemble a colorful garden, inviting visitors to explore and take photographs. Lines formed outside the store within days, even though the products themselves were already available online. Curious about this success, a marketing researcher later interviewed several visitors, who explained that the temporary nature of the event made the experience feel special and worth attending in person. When the two weeks ended, the brand reported a significant ①decrease in both sales and social media followers. ②Encouraged by these results, the company ③began planning ④additional pop-up events in ⑤other cities.

More and more teenagers today dream of starting their own business someday. This growing interest is partly due to the internet, which makes it ①easy to reach customers without a physical store. Starting a small business also teaches skills that traditional classes rarely offer, such as ②managing money, marketing a product, and handling customer complaints. However, young entrepreneurs face real ③challenges too. Many lack enough money or experience to make their business grow quickly, and mistakes can feel ④encouraging at first. Still, most teen entrepreneurs say that failure taught them more than any success did, and schools now offer entrepreneurship clubs to support these ⑤beginners.

Consider a large heap containing ten thousand grains of sand. Nearly everyone agrees that removing a single grain from such a heap leaves another heap behind; surely one grain could never make the difference between a heap and a non-heap. Yet if this principle is applied repeatedly, grain by grain, the heap eventually ②grows to a single lonely grain, or even to no grains at all, and logic alone seems to force us to accept that this final result still counts as a heap. Something has clearly ①gone wrong along the way, since no reasonable person would call one grain of sand a heap, but pinpointing exactly which single removal transformed a heap into a non-heap seems ③impossible. The puzzle exposes a deep discomfort with vague terms like "heap," "tall," or "bald," concepts that seem to admit no sharp ④boundary yet are used confidently in everyday language. Some philosophers conclude that classical logic itself may need to be ⑤revised to accommodate the genuine vagueness built into ordinary human language.

Consider a student who ①genuinely intends to study for tomorrow's exam yet, when the evening actually arrives, chooses to watch another episode of a favorite show instead, promising herself she will surely study harder next week. This pattern, in which the pull of an immediate pleasure ②overwhelms the value of a distant benefit, appears again and again across ordinary life, from postponed exercise to delayed savings. People do not necessarily fail to understand that the future reward matters more; rather, whatever happens right now simply feels disproportionately more urgent and vivid than anything scheduled for later. Behavioral economists note that this preference ③weakens considerably once both options are pushed into the future, which is why planning a diet starting next month feels ④impossible compared with skipping dessert tonight. Such inconsistency helps explain why gym memberships go unused and retirement accounts remain ⑤underfunded, despite people's stated intentions.

Anyone who has ever promised to finish a project "by Friday," only to still be working on it weeks later, has experienced the planning fallacy ①firsthand. This term describes the ②occasional tendency of individuals and organizations to underestimate how long a task will take, how much it will cost, and how many complications will inevitably arise. What makes this bias particularly ③stubborn is that awareness of past failures rarely leads to more accurate predictions; a construction firm that finished its last three projects late will often insist, with genuine confidence, that this next project will be different. Researchers argue that planners focus almost exclusively on the specific steps of the current task while ignoring the ④broader statistical record of similar projects that came before. One proposed remedy, known as reference class forecasting, requires planners to ⑤deliberately consult outcomes from comparable past projects rather than relying solely on their own optimistic intuition.

Building a reading habit does not usually start with a big decision to read more. It often starts with very small, easy steps. Some students keep a book in their bag so that they always have something to read while waiting for a bus. Others choose a fixed time each day, like right before bed, and read for just ten minutes. These small routines work because _______________. Experts also suggest setting a very low daily goal, such as one page, instead of a strict page count that feels like homework. Over weeks, these tiny actions add up, and reading slowly becomes something the student simply does, rather than something the student has to force.

Riding a bicycle is one of the most popular ways for teenagers to get around, yet many students still skip the one piece of equipment that could save their life: the helmet. Some argue that a short trip to a nearby store does not require any special protection, since the risk of a serious accident feels distant and unlikely. However, _______________. A sudden pothole, a car door opening without warning, or a patch of gravel can throw even an experienced cyclist off balance in an instant. Wearing a helmet does not prevent a fall, but it dramatically reduces the chance of a serious head injury when one occurs.

Many schools give students a list of recommended books at the start of each year. Choosing these books is not as simple as picking well-known titles. Teachers must think about a wide range of student interests, not just their own favorites. A good list should also include stories from different cultures and different kinds of characters, so that every student can find someone to relate to. Reading level matters too; a book that is too difficult can make a student give up on reading altogether, while a book that is too easy may feel boring. Teachers often ask students for feedback after they finish a book, and they slowly update the list based on what students actually enjoyed. In the end, _______________.

Stairs seem too ordinary to be dangerous, which is why many people treat them carelessly, texting, carrying an armful of books, or skipping two steps at a time. (A) Familiarity encourages a kind of autopilot mode, in which a person stops looking at each step and instead relies on memory of where the stairs should be. (B) Safety officials recommend a few unglamorous habits: keep one hand free, use the handrail, and turn on the light before stepping onto a dark staircase. (C) Emergency room records tell a different story: falls on stairways send more people to the hospital each year than almost any other household accident.